KARAKTERISTIK HABITAT LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP KEPADATAN LARVA ANOPHELES SPP

Abstract

Menangani habitat vektor dapat menurunkan kepadatan vektor sehingga kasus malaria bisa dikendalikan. Karakteristik habitat larva Anopheles meliputi karakteristik fisik, kimia, dan biologi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini diketahui karakteristik habitat terhadap kepadatan larva Anopheles spp di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Hanura kecamatan Teluk Pandan Kabupaten Pesawaran.

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik kuantitatif dengan design penelitian cross-sectional. Variabel independent dalam penelitian ini yaitu karakteristik fisik (suhu air) dan karakteristik kimia ( pH air dan salinitas air). Variabel Dependent yaitu kepadatan larva. Analisis menggunakan analisis korelasi rank spearman.

Hasil penelitian (n=24l) rata rata suhu air berkisar 29-30⁰C (CI 95%), pH air 7.72–7.97 (CI 95%), salinitas 0.41-0.83‰ (CI 95%), kepadatan larva 0.48 – 2.26 ekor/cidukan (CI 95%). Hasil analisis korelasi rank spearman, suhu air terhadap kepadatan larva (p-value 0.002 kurang dari p 0.05), r -0.600 menunjukkan ada pengaruh signifikan dengan arah negative, semakin tinggi suhu air pada penelitian maka semakin rendah kepadatan vektor. Salinitas air terhadap kepadatan larva (p-value 0.050 kurang dari p 0.05), r0.404, menunjukkan ada pengaruh signifikan dengan arah positive, semakin tinggi salinitas pada penelitian maka semakin tinggi kepadatan larvanya . Sedangkan pH air terhadap kepadatan larva (p-value 0.025 kurang dari p 0.05), r 0.456, menunjukkan ada pengaruh signifikan dengan arah positive, semakin tinggi pH air pada penelitian maka semakin tinggi kepadatan larvanya. Hasil penelitian karakteristik habitat di lokasi penelitian maka sangat memungkinkan larva Anopheles dapat berkembangbiak dengan baik. Disarankan  kepada petugas kesehatan untuk mengintensifkan peranan dalam melakukan surveilens vektor. Selain itu dalam upaya preventif, peran serta masyarakat perlu dilibatkan.

ABSTRACT

Handling the habitat of vector would reduce the density vector, so that malaria cases can be controlled. The habitat characteristics of Anopeheles spp larva include physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. The aim of this research was to determine the habitat characteristics with density of Anopheles spp larva in the work area of puskesmas (primery health care) Hanura, Teluk Pandan, Pesawaran Regency.

This research is a quantitative analytic study with cross-sectional design. Independent variabels on this research are physical characteristic (water temprature) and chemical characteristics (pH water and salinity water). Dependent variabel is density larva. Analysis used Rank Spearman correlation analysis.

Result of this research, the range of water temperature 29-30⁰C (CI 95%), pH water 7.72–7.97 (CI 95%), salinity water 0.41-0.83‰ (CI 95%), density larva 0.48 – 2.26 larva/dipper (CI 95%), n = 24. The result of Rank Spearman correlation analysis, water temperature with density larva (p-value 0.002 ≤ p 0.05), r -0.600 indicates there is a significant negative correlation, the higher water temprature in the research result so the lower density of larvae. Salinity water with density larva (p-value 0.050 smaller than p 0.05), r0.404, indicates there is a significant between salinity and density larva with positive correlation, the higher salinuty  water in the research result so the higher density of larvae. While, pH water with density larva (p-value 0.025 smaller than p 0.05), r 0.456 indicates there is a significant positive correlation , the higher pH water in the research result so the higher density of larvae . This result of the characteristics habitat in the location, it is very possible that Anopheles spp larvae can reproduce well. Recommended for health workers to intensify their roles in vector surveillance. In addition for preventive effort, community participation needs to be involved.