Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/ijpe
Journal of Pharmaceutical EducationJurusan Farmasi Universitas Negeri Gorontaloen-USIndonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education2775-3670<p><strong>Copyright Licensing and Archiving</strong></p><p><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" rel="license"><img src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-sa/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License" /></a></p><p><strong>Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education</strong> is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.</p><p><strong>________________________________________________________________________________________________________________</strong></p><p><strong>Copyright and Licensing</strong></p><div class="page"><ul><li><p> The author(s)<span class="m-8872622167488361851m3889253648079045002m3801934354951983127m-2782718132241447849m-7691471417709598651m7256872056212528454m3794665997207553305gmail-animated"> retain the copyright of the article without restrictions, including non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version, such as post it to an institutional repository. </span></p></li><li><p>The author(s) retain the publishing rights without restrictions.</p></li><li><p>The Author(s) grant the journal the following rights.</p></li><ol><li class="list-style-type: circle;"><p>Right of first publication and distribution in electronic and print editions of the article in the journal.</p></li><li class="list-style-type: circle;"><p>Right to create and store electronic archival copies of the article.</p></li><li class="slist-style-type: circle;"><p>Rights licenced under Creative Commons Provisions</p></li></ol></ul><p><strong>Licensing</strong></p><p><strong>Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education</strong> is an open acces journal and under the licence of <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/</a></p><p> (CC - BY - NC - SA), which gives allowance to journal users to use the article under the following conditions.</p><ul class="license-properties" dir="ltr"><li class="license by"><p>Attribution — this license allows reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, so long as attribution is given to the creator. It should be done in any reasonable manner.</p></li><li class="license by"><p>NonCommercial — reusers may not use the material for commercial purposes.</p></li><li class="license sa"><p>ShareAlike — If reusers remix, transform, or build upon the material, they must distribute their contributions , the modified material, under the same license as the original. </p></li><li class="license sa"><p> For further explanation, consult <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</a></p></li></ul><p><strong>Archiving</strong></p><p><strong></strong><strong>Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education</strong> presently employs on-premise institutional archiving system as preservation</p></div><p> </p>Formulasi Dan Uji Stabilitas Fisik Krim Pelembab Ekstrak Rumput Laut (Eucheuma cottonii)
https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/ijpe/article/view/20522
Seaweed is a natural ingredient which based on its mechanism of action can function as a moisturizer and skin softener. Moisturizer is one skicare cosmetic that reduces the symptoms of dry skin and smoothens rough skin. This study aims to formulate and examine the physical stability of moisturizing cream preparations. This reserch is a laboratory experimental study. The moisturizing cream is composed of three formulas with different combined concentrations of stearic acid and triethanolamine emulgators, such as F1 stearic acid (10%) and triethanolamine (2%), F2 stearic acid (15%) and triethanolamine (3%), and F3 stearic acid (20%) and triethanolamine (4%). Preparation evaluation includes organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, dispersion, and adhesion test. The Result of organoleptic test show a soft preparation and not sticky, and the homogeneity test shows a homogeneous preparation. The pH test shows that the higher the stearic acid level, the decreaswd pH level. Moreover, the viscosity test show that F1 has a slightl soft consistency, F2 is thick, and F3 has a very thick consistency. The cream disperpesion test show between 3-7 cm, which is a comfortable consistency. Another test is adhesion, which exeeds this research’s expected specification. Due to the pgysical test producing a good preparation, it concludes that seaweed extract (Eucheuma cottonii) can be formulated as a moisturizing cream.Nur Ain ThomasA Mu’thi Andy SuryadiMultiani S. LatifAriani H. HutubaSri Susanti
Copyright (c) 2024 Sri Susanti
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2024-01-192024-01-194110.37311/ijpe.v4i1.20522Formulasi Dan Evaluasi Sediaan Perona Pipi Dalam Bentuk Compact Powder Menggunakan Zar Pewarna Alami Ekstrak Kulit Buah Manggis (Garcinia Mangostana L.)
https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/ijpe/article/view/18039
<p>Mangosteen rind contains anthocyanin pigments which can be used as natural dyes in cosmetics. One type of cosmetic that women currently favor is blush preparations, so it is necessary to develop mangosteen rind extract in the form of blush preparations. This study aims to formulate and evaluate blush preparations. This research is experimental laboratory research. Blush preparations are made in the three formulas with different concentrations of mangosteen rind extract, namely FI (7%), FII (14%), and FIII (21%). Evaluation of blush preparations included an organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, friability test, and irritation test. The result of examining the quality of organoleptic preparations showed that the higher the concentration of mangosteen rind extract, the higher the color intensity produced, the homogeneity test showed a homogeneous preparation, the pH test was 6,4-6,6, the friability test showed a compact preparation, the irritation test showed that the preparation did not cause irritation. Based on this, it can be concluded that mangosteen rind extract can be used as an alternative dye and formulated as a blush preparation.</p>Robert TungadiNur Ain ThomasMohamad Aprianto PaneoMultiani S. LatifCut Dara Voenna
Copyright (c) 2024 Robert Tungadi, Nur Ain Thomas
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2024-01-192024-01-194110.37311/ijpe.v4i1.18039Formulasi dan Evaluasi Stabilitas Fisik Krim Caffein Herbasome®
https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/ijpe/article/view/19702
A cream is a semi-solid dosage containing one or more dissolved or dispersed suitable base restorative materials. Caffeine herbasome® can efficiently modulate the barrier properties of the stratum corneum and transport its active ingredients deep into the skin, which can effectively treat cellulitis, reduce hair loss, and protect the skin in various ways. This study aims to formulate and evaluate cream preparations. As an experimental laboratory research, the cream preparations are made in the form of three formulas with Caffein Herbasome® concentration, which are F1(1%), F2(1%), and F3 (1%). Evaluation of cream preparations includes organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, dispersal test, adhesion test, and viscosity test. The observations showed that all three creams have the active substance’s characteristic color and aroma. The three cream preparations proved stable in organoleptic testing. Besides, the homogeneity test shows a homogeneous preparation, and the pH test is 5,57-6,69. Different dispersal diameters are obtained from the measurements, where the cream formula in formula 1 has a diameter of 6 cm, formula 2 has a diameter of 5,7, and formula 3 has a diameter of 5 cm. The dispersion and adhesion power may be varied since a high concentration of stearic acid may increase the viscosity. Therewithal, the higher the concentration of stearic acid, the smaller the area of spread produced; the higher the concentration of stearic acid, the longer the adhesion time of the cream produced. In conclusion, the three cream preparations meet the requirements of a suitable adhesion test and can be applied to the skin.Robert TungadiA. Mu`thi Andy SuryadiMohamad Aprianto PaneoMuhammad Taupik
Copyright (c) 2024 Robert Tungadi, A. Mu`thi Andy Suryadi
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2024-01-192024-01-194110.37311/ijpe.v4i1.19702Pengaruh Konseling Terhadap Kepatuhan Penggunaan Obat Anti Tuberkulosis Pada Pasien Tuberkulosis di Puskesmas Gorontalo
https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/ijpe/article/view/20501
Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease and remains to be a public health issue in developing countries. Thus, the level of adherence to taking anti-tuberculosis drugs is a vital factor for patient recovery. Counseling strategy is needed in the form of education and direct and intensive distribution of questionnaires and pill count data collection sheets to patients. Therefore, patients can carry out direct counseling and consultation with researcher to obtain information about TB disease and the level of patients’ adherence and to have positive behavior for increasing the efficacy of treatment by taking combination drugs and having routine control to the puskesmas. The research aimed to determine the effect of counseling on adherence won taking anti-tuberculosis drugs (OAT) in tuberculosis patients. This research employed a pre-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test group approach on 32 respondents. This research method used pill count sheets and questionnaire sheets to identify the level of medication adherence. The findings revealed that based on the results of MARS questionnaire which has been analyzed through t-test (paired sample t-test). t<sub>count</sub> was higher than t<sub>table</sub> or 27.781 > 2.042, and the value of Sig. (2 tailed) = 0,000 < 0,05 . in other words, there was an effect of counseling on adherence to take anti-tuuberculosis drugs in tuberculosis patients at puskemas Kota Timur. Meanwhile, the results of pill count sheet indicated 11 non-adherent respondents with a percentage of 34,4% and 21 adherent respondents with a percentage of 65,6% . after analysis test using Mc Nemar test, it showed that there was significance between before and after, namely Sig. (2 tailed) = 0,000 where < 0,05. Thus, it confirmed a difference in counseling on adherence to taking anti-tuberculosis drugs in tuberculosis patients at Puskesmas Kota Timur, Gorontalo.Nur RasdianahJuliyanti AkubaWidy Susanti AbdulkadirTeti Sutriyati Tulolifitra sari dalanggo
Copyright (c) 2024 fitra sari dalanggo
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2024-01-212024-01-214110.37311/ijpe.v4i1.20501Skrining Studi in Silico Potensi Farmakokinetika dan Toksisitas Senyawa 6,10,14-trimetil-2-pentadekanon dari Ekstrak Daun Ekaliptus
https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/ijpe/article/view/24493
Many people in Indonesia use traditional medicine for selfmedication, but health professionals/doctors are generally still reluctant to prescribe or use it because many traditional medicinal products are not produced from scientific methods that can be accounted for both from the origin of ingredients, manufacturing methods, and the final product. One class of secondary metabolite compounds that have antibacterial activity is terpenoids. In the research of Rutdianti, Rudi Kartika, Partomuan Simanjuntak with the title "Isolation and Identification of Terpenoid Chemical Compounds from Ethyl Acetate Isolates of Eucalyptus Leaves (Eucalyptus Deglupta Blume)", there is one compound namely 6,10, 14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone, the compound will be discussed in this journal. Predicted physicochemical properties such as: molecular weight (BM): 264.485 g/mol, logarithm of octanol/water partition coefficient (Log P): 6.0145, number of bonds between atoms that can rotate (Torsion) Hydrogen Bond Acceptors (HBA): 1, Hydrogen Bond Donors (HBD): 0, and Polar Surface Activity (PSA): 121.105 performed using the pkCSM online tool. Terpenoid compounds 6, 10, 14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone were drawn 2D molecular structures with the Chem Bio Draw Ultra Version 10 programme, then saved in the form of *.df or *.pdb files. Then, the terpenoid compound 6, 10, 14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone structure was translated into SMILES format using the help of Online SMILES Translator. A positive test result indicated that the compound was mutagenic and could therefore act as a carcinogen. It can be seen that the terpenoid compound 6, 10, 14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone is predicted not to cause mutagenic effects. It can also be seen that the derivatives are predicted not to cause skin sensitisation. From the results of this molecular modelling study, it can be concluded that the compound 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone is most feasible to be synthesised and continued with its activity tests in vitro and in vivo, because it is predicted to have the best activity and does not have hepatotoxic effects and other toxicity effects.Apriyani PramudiyawatiDesi Eka PutriNurfadilah NurfadilahAnjas Wilapangga
Copyright (c) 2024 Anjas - wilapangga
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2024-02-232024-02-234110.37311/ijpe.v4i1.24493Karakter Fisik dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Masker Gel Peel-Off dari Ekstrak Etanol Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis)) dengan Metode DPPH
https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/ijpe/article/view/24710
<p>As an antioxidant agent, Binahong leaves (<em>Anredera cordifolia</em> (Ten.) Steenis) contain secondary metabolites such as steroids and triterpenoids. The aim of this research is to test the physical properties and antioxidant activity of peel-off gel masks containing binahong leaf extract using the DPPH method. Formulations were prepared with three concentration levels of the extract, namely 0.8%, 1.0%, and 1.2%. Physical quality tests included organoleptic evaluation, homogeneity, pH, adhesion, and spreadability. Antioxidant activity tests were also conducted on the peel-off gel masks using the DPPH method (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl). According to the research results, all three formulations met the criteria for physical quality. The average IC50 values for concentrations of 0.8%, 1.0%, and 1.2% were 70,135 ppm, 61,422 ppm, and 54,215 ppm, respectively, indicating strong antioxidant properties.</p>Tri Puji LestariEvi Kurniawati
Copyright (c) 2024 Tri Puji Lestari, Evi Kurniawati
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2024-03-092024-03-094110.37311/ijpe.v4i1.24710Determinan pola resistensi pasien Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDRTB) : Studi Multi-Center di Jember, Indonesia
https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/ijpe/article/view/24636
Drug-resistant, particularly multidrug resistance tuberculosis (MDRTB), is an emerging problem due to its low success rate of treatment outcomes. Most MDRTB in Indonesia was rifampicin resistant (RRTB). There is a paucity of evidence on the determinants of the MDRTB types. This study aims to assess the determinant of resistance type. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in two referral hospitals for MDRTB in the city of Jember Indonesia. MDRTB patients registered in the web-based information system tuberculosis in Indonesia (SITB) from 2018 to 2022 who had a complete medical record were included. Multi-variate logistic regression analysis was done to identify determinants of MDRTB type. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed. From 347 patients, there were 186 patients excluded due to un-completeness of the records. In total 158 patients were included. Most patients (53,8%) were encountered rifampicin resistance (RR-TB), followed by MDRTB (37,3%), Pre-XDR TB (6,96%), and XDR-TB (1,90%). The sociodemographic variable such as age, gender, residence, and comorbid were not significantly correlate with the type of MDRTB. The only determinant affects the type of MDR/PreXDR/XDR TB was the previous history of TB treatment (OR = 2,4 kali (95% CI: 1,2 - 4,7)). This study showed that patients with the history of TB treatment are more likely to encountered more severe types of TB resistance such as MDRTB/PreXDR/XDR-TB. Therefore, health-care workers should prioritize the adherence of TB treatment especially in patients with previous history of TB treatment.Intan WahidahKhoiriyatul Muhlishoh ArwiIka NorcahyantiEma RachmawatiIka Puspita DewiDhita Evi AryaniAfifah Machlaurin
Copyright (c) 2024 Afifah Machlaurin, Intan Wahidah, Khoiriyatul Muhlishoh Arwi, Ika Norcahyanti, Ema Rachmawati, Ika Puspita Dewi, Dhita Evi Aryani
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2024-03-162024-03-164110.37311/ijpe.v4i1.24636Analisis Pola Peresepan di Klinik Universitas Jember Medical Center (UMC) berdasarkan Indikator WHO
https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/ijpe/article/view/24635
<p>Irrational drug use will cause medication errors. WHO prescribing indicators are used to identify problems in prescribing, resulting in the prevention of several problems such as failure therapy, increasing adverse drug reactions (ADR) and antibiotic resistance, drug dependence, wasting money and medicines, and even death. This study aimed to analyze the prescribing characteristics at the UMC Clinic and then compare the data with WHO prescribing indicators. The research used proportional purposive sampling and descriptive methods by taking prescription data sources from 432 adult patients in 2022, supported by medical records. Prescribing characteristics, diagnosis, type of drug used, and prescribing indicators were analyzed and compared with WHO standards. Based on WHO indicators, the result analysis showed that the average number of drugs per prescription sheet is 3.38 ± 0.27; the percentage of drugs prescribed generic names was 64.75%; prescriptions with antibiotics was 37.27%; and drugs according to the National Formulary was 58.64%. The percentage of prescriptions for injectable drugs (2.31%) was the only indicator that meets the recommended range. Although most of the indicators do not meet the recommended range, these findings can provide an overview of the prescribing profile but cannot assess the rationality of prescribing, so further research is needed.</p>Stefani Galuh Ajeng HapsariFransiska Maria ChristiantyIka Norcahyanti
Copyright (c) 2024 Stefani Galuh Ajeng Hapsari, Fransiska Maria Christianty, Ika Norcahyanti
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2024-03-152024-03-154110.37311/ijpe.v4i1.24635Analisis Variasi Genetik Gen L1 HPV-52 Menggunakan RFLP secara in Silico
https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/ijpe/article/view/24496
<p>Around the world, cervical cancer is fourth in the amount of deaths caused by cancer. The main risk factor of cervical cancer is a persistent oncogenic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. According to DNA genotyping, HPV-52 and HPV-58 were the most prevalent oncogenic HPV types in China when it came about the prevalence of HPV-related cervical cancer infections. HPVs can be classified as low risk (LR-HPV), potential high risk (pHRHPV), and high risk (HR-HPV) based on their correlation with precursor lesions and cervical cancer. The homogeneity of the L1 main capsid protein and DNA sequences is the foundation for HPV classification. Variants in genetics and mutations can be identified by in silico techniques. This study used in silico RFLP to explore the genetic variation in the L1 HPV 52 gene sequence from NCBI PopSet 378724952. DNA sequences are digested by restriction enzymes for the purpose of screening. RFLP using the Benchling facility in silico. Analyzing genetic variability with MEGA 11. The point mutation that resulted in the creation of A1 and A2 allele fragments was identified in the 5'-TCGA-3' restriction recognition site using in silico RFLP results obtained with the TaqI enzyme. The A1 allele is the result of mutations who change the A2 allele's nucleotide base. These genetic changes also impact the recognition of restriction sites and the length of DNA fragments that are released. In silico RFLP by Allele A1 estimated the variation in genetics within the Chinese population PopSet 378724952, whose percentage was 15%.</p>Wahyu Mustika RaniRika Dea PuspitaNadia SefinaNailus Sa’adahAfifatul Achyar
Copyright (c) Wahyu Mustika Rani
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2024-03-262024-03-264110.37311/ijpe.v4i1.24496Pengaruh Penambahan Emulgator Gelatin, Gom Arab, dan Karagenan Terhadap Sifat Fisik Yoghurt Daily Yo Rasa Durian
https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/ijpe/article/view/24506
<p>Daily Yo is a yoghurt product that uses low fat milk as raw material. This causes the total fat solids in the yoghurt to decrease so that the resulting yoghurt becomes unstable. Efforts to improve this can be done by adding an emulgator. This study aims to evaluate the physical properties of Daily Yo yoghurt with a variety of 3 emulsifiers, namely gelatin, gum arabic, and carrageenan. There are four formulations, namely: F0 (without the addition of emulsifier or control); F1 (addition of 0.1% gelatin emulsifier); F2 (addition of 0.1% gum arabic emulgator); F3 (addition of 0.1% carrageenan emulsifier). The quality parameters tested included organoleptic tests, pH tests, syneresis tests, viscosity tests and their stability was analyzed on days 1, 7 and 14. The organoleptic test results obtained were white in color, typical durian aroma and taste, liquid-thick texture, and homogeneous consistency. F3 has the best results compared to the other two formulas, namely a pH value of 4.29 ± 0.21, a syneresis value of 68.03% ± 6.48, and a viscosity value of 303.34(Cp) ± 36.83 in accordance with the Standard Indonesian National. In F1 and F2 the pH values produced are within the SNI range but have less stable syneresis and viscosity results. Three types of emulsifiers can influence physical characteristics with the addition of carrageenan emulsifier showing the best texture from the viscosity test results but not better than the control formula.</p>Siti Nani NurbaetiHannan AnugrahHariyanto IH
Copyright (c) Siti Nani Nurbaeti
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2024-03-262024-03-264110.37311/ijpe.v4i1.24506