Criminology Analysis of Women's as Perpetrators of Domestic Violence Crimes

This study aims to find out the analysis of women's criminology as perpetrators of domestic violence crimes. This research is a combination of Normative law research with prescriptive analysis techniques. As for approach is the approach of legislation (statute approach) and case approach. The results showed that factors that affect the number of acts of violence against husbands in the household, namely, economic factors, communication factors, factors of low understanding of religion in the household, factors of parents, husbands often consume alcohol, the presence of a third person in the household as well as psychological factors. Efforts made by law enforcement officials to tackle domestic violence crimes committed by women in Gorontalo city, namely, preventive countermeasures, curative countermeasures, and repressive efforts carried out at the crime time. In making this effort, the police must take action in case of domestic violence cases.


Introduction
The home should be a safe place for its members, for husband and wife build the family based on the inner birth bond between the two. According to Article 33 of Law No.1 of 1974 on Marriage as amended by Law No. 16 of 2019 that: "Between husbands and wives have an obligation to love each other, respect each other, and give mental birth assistance to each other. Even husbands and wives have the same position in married life and social life in society and have the right to do legal acts". 1 However, in reality, many households become places of suffering and torture due to violence.
In our daily lives, even in the community, to meet the needs of life, there are often crimes and violations committed by certain people and people who threaten some of the members of society, which in legal science is known as a criminal act. Various kinds of crimes occur in the community, one of which is domestic violence crimes. 2 There are stylistic differences between women and men in violence; women are more frequent but not fatal. Men are rarer but can be more fatal, especially if they involve men's great natural energy. However, from an abomination level, women can be viler than men because men still hold back more often and still consider that their opponent is a woman who should be protected. According to Anggia Chrisanti, counselor and therapist at the Westaria Psychological Consulting Bureau, that victims of domestic violence can also be experienced by the husband. Some men who do counseling mention the violence experienced both physically and psychically. Physical wounds are bruises, while psychic wounds are experienced because there is pressure from the wife, often angry and cornering the husband. Many people do not know this. If there is a case of domestic violence committed by the wife, then it is considered a ludicrous and funny thing; even many people do not believe a husband can be a victim of violence committed by the wife.
The occurrence of domestic violence committed by the wife against her husband indicates that the domestic violence is not only done by a man but can also be done by women, the form of violence experienced by the husband can be in both physical and psychic form, but the psychological consequences are more dominant. For example, the wife's pressure on the husband is more from the psychic side, and this happens because the need for life is getting higher and the wife's income is greater so that the wife feels superior can do everything, which usually triggers domestic conflict. This domestic conflict is very difficult to disclose to the public because it would be a disgrace to the family, and the husband's party is closed to acts of violence committed by the wife.
Domestic violence tends to be a hidden crime because both perpetrators and victims try to keep the act secret from public view. Therefore, domestic violence arises precisely because the victim can no longer hold and keep it secret. Based on this background, and given the important position of women in the family, as well as the condition of vulnerable women to be perpetrators of crimes, especially domestic violence, the author, is interested and intends to examine legal issues by analyzing from criminology about women as perpetrators of domestic violence crimes, especially domestic violence committed by women (wives) that occur in Gorontalo City.

Method
This research is a combination of Normative law research with prescriptive analysis techniques. The approach used is the statute approach and the case approach. By the problems that want to be answered and the objectives to be achieved in this study, the data obtained is analyzed descriptively qualitatively, namely describing data obtained from field research (primary data), tested the truth, and then linked and analyzed qualitatively with data obtained from literature research (secondary).

Factors Influencing the Occurrence of Domestic Violence Crimes Commited by Women
Factors that cause domestic violence crimes committed by women there are many causes, including economic problems, infidelity, incompatibility in the household, women feel more powerful or rich, or have more income than husbands; there are also factors parents who often interfere in domestic affairs so that women feel arbitrary towards their husbands. 3 This happened based on a report that went to the Gorontalo City Police.
Types of domestic violence committed by women exist in the Gorontalo police area of the city in various forms described in the following table: etc. The act that causes the pain must certainly get medical treatment according to the violence experienced.
2) Psychic violence, which is an act that results in fear, loss of confidence, loss of ability to act, a sense of helplessness, and/or severe psychic suffering in a person. It can be exemplified by threatening behavior, intimidating, reproach/humiliation, bullying, etc. If it occurs in children, this psychic violence will certainly have an impact on the development and psychic of the child, so it tends to experience prolonged trauma. It can also happen to men (a husband) and children in a household.
3) Sexual Violence, i.e., any act in the form of coercion of sexual intercourse, coercion of sexual intercourse in an unnatural and/or unfavorable manner, coercion of sexual relations with others for commercial purposes and/or certain purposes. There is a presumption that domestic violence is an internal affair of husband and wife whose legal relationship is bound in marriage, which is the scope of civil law. Husbands who experience low-educated violence are also blind to knowledge in the field of law.
When there is a violation in the relationship between the individuals, the law enforcement is resolved by filing a lawsuit to the court by the husband who feels harmed. In this case, the judge usually resolves by referring to 2) Temporary protection as referred to in paragraph (1) shall be given no later than 7 (seven) days since the victim is received or handled.
3) Within 1 x 24 (one time twenty-four) hours from the granting of protection as referred to in paragraph (1), the police shall request a warrant for protection from the court.
Temporary protection is protection directly provided by the police by cooperating with health workers, one of them from health workers checking the victim's condition. Then

Crimes Committed by Women
Domestic violence committed by wives against husbands has been so violent in recent years that it has become a social issue that demands serious attention from various parties. Domestic violence is a problem that has deeply entrenched and occurs in all countries of the world. 9 After seeing the increasingly widespread domestic violence cases in Indonesia, (1) Provide educational sanctions to the perpetrators of the domestic violence following the type and level of severity or lightness of violations committed so that it is not only meaningful for the perpetrators of the domestic violence but also victims and other members of the community.
(2) Provide incentives for everyone who contributes in reducing, diluting, and eliminating one form of the domestic violence meaningfully so that there is a calm and happy life process.
(3) Resolve cases of domestic violence based on the victim's compassion and safety for the future so as not to cause resentment to the perpetrator.
(4) The government needs to continue to act quickly and decisively against domestic violence practices by referring to the law on the Elimination of Domestic Violence not to affect people's lives.
Preventive measures to prevent violence, such as socialization through community groups, NGOs, media, or individually make efforts to prevent anyone from committing violence and not being victims of violence. Overall preventive efforts can be seen as one of the first steps to prevent the domestic violence, not only by men but also for actions taken by women.
10 Interviewed with members of the Criminal Resort Unit of Gorontalo City Resort Police Rizky Rahman Pradipta

2) Curative Countermeasures
Curative action, for example, if there is a case of institutions or individuals assisting in facilitating victims to get protection, provide mental reinforcement, and provide the information needed to obtain assistance services by the relevant parties, 11 which is meant to be an effort to combat domestic violence in the form of curative actions taken to deal with victims in an integrated manner. There are many ways that both parties in domestic violence can do in order to avoid violence, among others: 12 (1) The need for strong faith and a good attitude, and sticking to his religion (2) Knowing that domestic violence has an adverse impact later in the home (3) There must be good communication between husband and wife to create a harmonious and harmonious home.
(4) It takes mutual trust, understanding, mutual respect, and so on between family members.
(5) The wife will be expected to do good to the husband, For the husband at least be gentle towards the wife.
3) Repressive efforts (Crackdown) are carried out at the time of the crime In this case, the most entitled and authorized party to make this effort is the authorities, especially the police. In making this effort, the police must take action in case of a

2) Perpetrators of Psychic Violence
Maximum imprisonment of 3 (three) years or a maximum fine of Rp 9,000,000.00 (nine million rupiahs).

3) Perpetrators of Sexual Violence
Sexual violence that results in the victim getting wounds that do not give hope of recovery at all, experiencing mental or psychiatric disorders for at least 4 (four) weeks continuously or 1 (one) year not consecutively, the death or death of the fetus in the womb, or resulting in the malfunction of reproductive devices, shall be punishable by a maximum prison sentence of 5 (five) years and maximum imprisonment of 20 (twenty) years or a fine of at least Rp 25,000.00 0.00 (twentyfive million rupiahs) and a maximum fine of Rp 500,000,000.00 (five hundred million rupiahs).

4) Perpetrators of Economic Violence
Maximum imprisonment of 3 (three) years or a maximum fine of Rp 15,000,000.00 (fifteen million rupiahs).
According to the provisions of the Domestic Violence Law that domestic violence crimes are in the form of sanctions in the form of imprisonment or minimum and maximum fines. As contained in Article 44 (physical violence), Article 45 (psychic violence), and Article 49 (abandonment) is not determined, the minimum criminal limit mentions the maximum limit only. As for Article 46 and Article 47 on sexual violence mentioned in Article 48 is determined the minimum limit and the maximum limit of imprisonment and criminal fines are. 16 The efforts made by the government to provide services to victims of Domestic Violence are as follows: (1) Provide apparatus, health workers, social workers, and spiritual advisers.
(2) The creation and development of systems and mechanisms of cooperation of service programs involving parties that are easily accessible by victims. 16  (3) Protect witnesses, family, and friends of victims

Conclusion
Factors that influence the occurrence of Domestic Violence Crimes committed by women in Gorontalo, namely, economic factors, communication factors, low understanding of religion, parental factors, husbands often consuming alcohol, a third person in the household, and psychological factors. The efforts made by law enforcement officials to tackle domestic violence crimes committed by women in Gorontalo city, namely, preventive countermeasures, curative countermeasures, and repressive efforts (crackdown), are carried out at the time of the crime.