Analisis Pentanahan Gardu Induk Akibat Surja Petir Menggunakan Finite Elemen Method
Abstract
Sambaran petir pada sistem tenaga bisa mengganggu keandalan sistem, serta senantiasa jadi salah satu tantangan utama dalam proses desain gardu induk. Hal- hal yang butuh dicermati dalam mendesain sistem pentanahan diantaranya, peningkatan tegangan tanah (Grond Potensial Rise), keamanan tegangan langkah serta tegangan sentuh pada gardu induk, dan besarnya nilai impedansi akibat dari surja petir. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk melihat besar arus sambaran petir yang terjadi pada gardu induk dengan variasi area zona pentanahan grid pada gardu induk. Adapun simulasinya menggunakan aplikasi ETAP memakai metode FEM (Finite Element Method) dibuat untuk menampilkan ikatan antara luas zona grid, dimensi konduktor serta peningkatan GPR akibat sambaran surja petir. Nilai kenaikan tegangan yaitu sebesar 13289V, tegangan sentuh yang didapat sebesar 490,1V pada bobot badan 50kg dan 663,4V bobot badan 70kg, sedangakan untuk tegangan langkah yaitu sebesar 1372,5V pada bobot badan 50kg dan 1857,6V bobot badan 70kg pada luas zona grid 10 x 10 m2. tegangan sentuh yang didapat sebesar 832,87V pada bobot badan 50kg dan 1127,2V bobot badan 70kg. sedangakan untuk tegangan langkah yaitu sebesar 2743,2V pada bobot badan 50kg dan 3712,8V bobot badan 70kg pada luas zona grid 50 x 50 m2. Hasil akumulasi arus gangguan akibat sirja petir dengan variasi arus injeksi dimana semakin besar arus injeksi yang diberikan maka semakin besar arus gangguan surja petir yang timbul.
Lightning strikes in power systems can compromise system reliability and have always been one of the major challenges in the substation design process. Things that need to be considered in designing a grounding system include ground voltage increase (Ground Potential Rise), step voltage safety and touch voltage at the substation, and the magnitude of the impedance value due to lightning surges. The purpose of this study is to see the magnitude of the lightning strike current that occurs at the substation with variations in the area of the grid grounding zone at the substation. The simulation using the ETAP application using the FEM (Finite Element Method) method is made to display the bond between the grid zone area, conductor dimensions, and the increase in GPR due to lightning strikes. The voltage increase value is 13289V, the touch voltage obtained is 490.1V at 50kg body weight and 663.4V 70kg body weight, while the step voltage is 1372.5V at 50kg body weight and 1857.6V 70kg body weight at zone area grids 10 x 10 m2. The touch voltage obtained is 832.87V for a body weight of 50kg and 1127.2V for a body weight of 70kg. while the step voltage is 2743.2V for a body weight of 50kg and 3712.8V for a body weight of 70kg for a grid zone area of 50 x 50 m2. The accumulated fault current results from lightning surges with injection current variations where the greater the injection current, the greater the lightning surge fault current that arises.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37905/jjeee.v5i2.20732
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