EFFECTIVENESS OF BUTTERFLY PEA ETHANOL EXTRACT ON DECREASING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS OF MALE MICE

Butterfly pea flower ( Clitoria Ternatea L .) contains flavonoids, tannins, and triterpenoids, which contain flavonoid compounds that have the potential as antioxidants. Antioxidants can suppress beta cell apoptosis without changing the proliferation of pancreatic beta cells. Antioxidants can bind free radicals so that they can reduce insulin resistance. The novelty of this study was that it examined the effectiveness of ethanol extract from butterfly pea flowers on reducing alloxan-induced male mice blood glucose levels. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the ethanol extract of butterfly pea flowers in reducing alloxan-induced blood glucose levels. The study used an experimental method with 5 treatments on 25 mice, beginning with purposive collection and processing of sample plants, preparation of Simplicia powder, preparation of ethanol extract of butterfly pea flowers, characteristic testing, determination of total ash content, determination of acid insoluble ash content, determination of extract content. Soluble in water, determination of ethanol soluble extract content, determination of water content, phytochemical screening, testing of antidiabetic activity of butterfly pea flower extract induced by alloxan. The examination results contained a total ash content of 5.20%, an acid-insoluble ash content of 1.16%, a water-soluble essence content of 47.94%, and a water content of 3.29%. The results of the compounds in the ethanol extract of butterfly pea flowers are alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids. The results of testing blood glucose levels of ethanol extract of butterfly pea flower (EEBT) at a dose of 200mg/kg bb were known to be effective in reducing blood glucose after being induced by alloxan 150mg/kg bb with glucose levels of 319mg/dL dropping to 104.93mg/dL. The conclusion of the ethanol extract of the butterfly pea flower shows that the butterfly pea flower is efficacious as a blood glucose lowering agent in alloxan-induced mice (Mus musculus).


INTRODUCTION
The increase in diabetes mellitus in Indonesia based on first-level health research shows from 5.7% in 2007 to 6.9% or around 9.1 million in 2013 (1). Back in 2011, Indonesia had the 10th highest diabetes population in the world with 7.2 million people and rose in 2013 to 7th with 8.5 million people with diabetes. In 2014, Indonesia was ranked fifth for the highest number of diabetes sufferers globally (2).
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by the occurrence of hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) due to a deficiency of insulin secretion or insulin action (3) (4). This is because the pancreas cannot produce insulin in large enough quantities compared to what is needed by the body, so the burning and use of carbohydrates are not perfect (5) (6). Hyperglycemia sufferers need fast and appropriate treatment because it affects health in the long term (7). Sufferer diabetes has a habit of consuming food that contains carbohydrates and high sugar levels and an unhealthy lifestyle (8).
International diabetes federation (IDF) criteria, American Diabetes Association (ADA) (9). said high blood glucose during fasting above 126mg/d l and 2 hours after eating 200mg/d l, said low glucose levels, namely when blood sugar below 70 mg/d l many plants are used as traditional medicine, traditional medicine has also become a national cultural heritage that needs to be preserved and developed for health, not only is it good to use natural ingredients from traditional medicinal plants it is also an alternative have affordable prices for the community (10).
Many people must be aware of the many benefits of using herbal medicines for health. butterfly pea flower used as a traditional medicine to treat various diseases, so it can be used as a family herbal medicine that can treat red eyes, tired eyes, throat, skin diseases, urinary, stress, and antioxidants (11).  (12).
Flowers have many health benefits, including antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiinflammatory properties in the central nervous system (12). Butterfly pea flowers contain flavonoids, tannins, and triterpenoids.
Antioxidants can suppress beta cell apoptosis without pancreatic beta cell proliferation.
Antioxidants bind to free radicals, reducing insulin resistance (13). In previous research (14), the butterfly pea flower has a powerful antioxidant content because each phenolic content in it is themed using the depth method, the function of phenolic antioxidant compounds is a base for an oxidation-reduction reaction where phenolic compounds will be formed. As a reducing agent, it can be used as a reducing agent, reducing free radicals in the form of no longer active organisms-the reaction between DPPH radicals and phenolic compounds in Erica Mega Valentine Simangunsong¹, Yessi Febriani², Muharni Saputri³, Dina Arisa⁴, Ghianti Zarqa Afifah⁵/ JJHSR Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023) butterfly pea flowers.

Source: Primary Data
Based on Table 3 from the Tukey test, it was found that the results of blood sugar levels after being given treatment, namely by being Injected with alloxan, had a sugar level of 300 mg/kgbb -320 mg/kgbb normal blood sugar levels in male mice.  Mega Valentine Simangunsong¹, Yessi Febriani², Muharni Saputri³, Dina Arisa⁴, Ghianti Zarqa Afifah⁵/ JJHSR Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023)      insulin-filled granules and insulin secretion will occur (30).

CONCLUSION
The test results of the ethanol extract of the butterfly pea flower showed that the butterfly pea flower was efficacious in lowering blood glucose in alloxan-induced mice (Mus musculus). It has been proven that the butterfly pea flower is able to lower blood glucose in mice (Mus musculus).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author would like to thank all parties who have participated and supported in writing this journal.