Graf Konjugasi dari Hasil Kali Langsung Grup Alternating A4 dan Grup Simetri S3

Muhammad Fikri Muammar, Ahmad Faisol, Fitriani Fitriani

Abstract


This study investigates the structure of conjugacy graphs formed from the conjugacy classes in the alternating group A4, the symmetric group S3, and their direct product A4 × S3. Using Mathematica, the conjugacy classes of each group are determined, and the corresponding conjugacy graphs are constructed to represent the relationships between the classes. The results show that the conjugacy graphs of A4 × S3 form a complete graph Kᵢ×ⱼ, where i and j are the number of conjugacy classes in A4 and S3, respectively. These findings indicate that the conjugacy structure of the direct product exhibits a distinctive combinatorial complexity derived from its component groups.

Keywords


Conjugacy Classes; Symmetric Groups; Alternating Groups; Conjugacy Graphs

Full Text:

PDF

References


J. Gallian, Contemporary Abstract Algebra. Cengage Learning, 2016.

D. Dummit and R. Foote, Abstract Algebra. Wiley, 2003.

I. Ario and M. Zawidzki, Application of Group Theory to Symmetric Structures. CRC Press, 2024.

G. Alfandary, “On graphs related to conjugacy classes of groups,” Israel Journal of Mathematics, vol. 86, no. 1, pp. 211–220, 1994, doi: 10.1007/BF02773678.

A. M. Edward, A. Bertram, M. Herzog, “On a graph related to conjugacy classes of groups,” Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 569–575, 1990, doi: 10.1112/blms/22.6.569.

M. Bianchi, D. Chillag, A. G. B. Mauri, M. Herzog, and C. M. Scoppola, “Applications of a graph related to conjugacy classes in finite groups,” Archiv der Mathematik, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 126–132, 1992, doi: 10.1007/BF01191876.

M. A. Salahshour and A. R. Ashrafi, “Commuting conjugacy class graphs of finite groups,” Algebraic Structures and Their Applications, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 135–145, 2020, doi: 10.22034/as.2020.1839.

P. Bhowal, P. J. Cameron, R. K. Nath, and B. Sambale, “Solvable conjugacy class graph of groups,” Discrete Mathematics, vol. 346, no. 8, p. 113467, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.disc.2023.113467.

P. Ray and S. Arora, “Forbidden subgraphs on conjugacy class graphs of groups,” arXiv:2406.01305, 2024, doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2406.01305.

P. Bhowal and R. K. Nath, “Spectral aspects of commuting conjugacy class graph of finite groups,” arXiv:2003.05762, 2020, doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2003.05762.

C. Kumar and K. Patra, “Conjugate graph and conjugacy class graph related to direct product of dihedral groups,” WSEAS Transactions on Mathematics, vol. 23, pp. 458–466, 2024, doi: 10.37394/23206.2024.23.48.

A. Zulkarnain, N. H. Sarmin, and H. I. M. Hassim, “The conjugacy class graphs of non-abelian 3-groups,” Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 297–299, 2020.

A. Dermenjian and A. Evetts, “Conjugacy class growth in virtually abelian groups,” Journal of Groups, Complexity, Cryptology, vol. 17, 2025, doi: 10.46298/jgcc.2025.17.1.13459.

M. L. Lewis and A. Mohammadian, “Triangle-free cyclic conjugacy class graph of a finite group,” arXiv:2503.05928, 2025.

Y. F. Zakariya and S. Zaria, “Graphs from finite groups: An overview,” in Proceedings of the 53rd Mathematical Association of Nigeria Annual Conference, 2016.

M. L. Lewis, “An overview of graphs associated with character degrees and conjugacy class sizes in finite groups,” The Rocky Mountain Journal of Mathematics, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 175–211, 2008.

D. Khoshnevis and Z. Mostaghim, “Some properties of graph related to conjugacy classes of special linear group SL2(F),” Mathematical Sciences Letters, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 153–156, 2015, doi: 10.12785/msl/040209.

A. Abdolghafourian and M. A. Iranmanesh, “Divisibility graph for symmetric and alternating groups,” Communications in Algebra, vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 2852–2862, 2015, doi: 10.1080/00927872.2014.907411.

D. Khoshnevis and Z. Mostaghim, “The divisibility graph for F-groups,” Mathematical Notes, vol. 111, no. 1, pp. 236–242, 2022, doi: 10.1134/S0001434622010278.

C. Kumar and K. Patra, “Conjugacy class graph of some nonabelian groups,” Contemporary Mathematics, pp. 430–445, 2024, doi: 10.37256/cm.5120243875.

A. Erfanian and B. Tolue, “Conjugate graphs of finite groups,” Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications, vol. 4, no. 2, p. 1250035, 2012, doi: 10.1142/S1793830912500358.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.37905/jjom.v7i2.32926



Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Fikri Muammar, Ahmad Faisol, Fitriani Fitriani

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.


Jambura Journal of Mathematics has been indexed by

>>>More Indexing<<<


Creative Commons License

Jambura Journal of Mathematics (e-ISSN: 2656-1344) by Department of Mathematics Universitas Negeri Gorontalo is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Powered by Public Knowledge Project OJS. 


Editorial Office


Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo
Jl. Prof. Dr. Ing. B. J. Habibie, Moutong, Tilongkabila, Kabupaten Bone Bolango, Gorontalo, Indonesia
Email: [email protected].