Antioxidant Activity and Effects of Kedayan (Aristolochia sp.) Stem Extract on HSC-3 Human Oral Cancer Cells

Komariah Komariah; Rahmi Amtha; Fiqie Amaliah Jusman; Yoli Sidarta; Rezky Anggraeni; M. Orliando Roeslan

doi:10.37311/jsscr.v8i2.35713

Antioxidant Activity and Effects of Kedayan (Aristolochia sp.) Stem Extract on HSC-3 Human Oral Cancer Cells

Komariah Komariah, Rahmi Amtha, Fiqie Amaliah Jusman, Yoli Sidarta, Rezky Anggraeni, M. Orliando Roeslan

Abstract

Medicinal plants are a promising source of bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic applications, including antioxidant and anticancer-related activities. This study aimed to identify secondary metabolites in the stem extract of Aristolochia sp. and to evaluate its antioxidant activity and effects on the viability of HSC-3 human oral cancer cells. The stem extract was prepared by maceration with 95% ethanol and screened qualitatively for phytochemical constituents. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH assay, whereas cell viability was evaluated using the CCK-8 assay. The extract contained several secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saponins, and tannins. In the DPPH assay, the extract showed an IC₅₀ value of 138.34 ± 12.14 µg/mL, indicating moderate antioxidant activity. In the HSC-3 viability assay, the extract reduced cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner; however, the IC₅₀ was not reached within the tested concentration range and was therefore reported as >50 µg/mL. The greatest reduction in HSC-3 cell viability was observed at 50 µg/mL, with a corresponding cell mortality rate of 39.90%, which differed significantly from the control groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the stem extract of Aristolochia sp. demonstrated moderate antioxidant activity and reduced HSC-3 cell viability within the tested concentration range. These findings provide preliminary evidence of bioactivity; however, further studies using a wider concentration range and additional mechanistic and safety evaluations are required before anticancer potential can be inferred.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37311/jsscr.v8i2.35713

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