Acute Toxicity Test of Ethanol Leaves Extract Ruellia tuberosa L. in Wistar White Male Rats Using Fixed Dose Procedure Method

Abstract

Ruellia tuberosa L. has been widely used by the community as a traditional medicine, but its toxicity test data is still minimal. This study aims to acute toxic effects of biochemical parameters, macroscopic and histopathological liver, kidney and heart organs. The test animals consisted of 25 male white Wistar rats and were divided into five groups. The preliminary test: normal group (Na-CMC 0.5%) and the treatment group with varying doses of 5, 50, 300, and 2000 mg/KgBW and the test animals were observed for 24 hours. The results showed that there were no toxic symptoms or death in the normal group and the 2000 mg/kgBW dose group. The ethanol extract of Ruellia tuberosa L at a dose of 2000 mg/kgBW has no significantly affect the biochemical parameters (p>0.05) with the average levels of biochemical parameters in the normal group, namely SGOT 147.89 ± 16.41 U/L, SGPT 90±8.05 U/L, creatinine 0.65±0.04 mg/dL, ureum 37.22±8.32 mg/dL, while in the 2000 mg/kgBW dose group obtained SGOT 146±34.87U/L, SGPT 90±3.19 U/L, creatinine 0.63±0.05 mg/dL, and ureum 32.36±5.89 mg/dL. Ethanol extract of Ruellia tuberosa L at a dose of 2000 mg/KgBW had no effect on the macroscopic condition of the liver, kidney, and heart organs (p>0.05). While in the microscopic condition of the liver and kidney organs experienced a moderate degree of damage (multifocal) and in the heart organ experienced a mild degree of damage (focal).