Effect of Emulsifier Concentration on the Physical Stability of Kepundung Leaf Ethanol Extract Cream (Baccaurea racemosa)

Ni Luh Gede Wiwin Pebriani; Debby Juliadi; Komang Dirga Mega Buana; Ni Luh Kade Arman Anita Dewi

doi:10.37311/jsscr.v8i2.37946

Effect of Emulsifier Concentration on the Physical Stability of Kepundung Leaf Ethanol Extract Cream (Baccaurea racemosa)

Ni Luh Gede Wiwin Pebriani, Debby Juliadi, Komang Dirga Mega Buana, Ni Luh Kade Arman Anita Dewi

Abstract

This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the physical quality of a cream containing an ethanol extract of kepundung leaves (Baccaurea racemosa) using varying concentrations of stearic acid and triethanolamine (TEA) as emulsifiers. The ethanol extract of kepundung leaves was obtained through maceration using 96% ethanol, yielding 12.35%, and was found to contain secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and steroids/triterpenoids, based on phytochemical screening. The cream formulations were prepared using the hot emulsification method in three different formula variations, followed by evaluation of physical quality parameters, including organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, and adhesiveness during a 14-day storage period at 25°C as a preliminary short-term stability screening. The results showed that all formulations produced homogeneous creams and maintained acceptable physical characteristics throughout the storage period. Variations in emulsifier concentration influenced the characteristics of the formulations, where increasing concentrations of stearic acid and TEA tended to enhance adhesiveness whilst reducing spreadability. The pH values of all formulations remained within the acceptable range for topical preparations, namely pH 5–8, while spreadability and adhesiveness were maintained within the acceptable ranges of 5–7 cm and 2-300 second, respectively. Overall, each formulation exhibited distinct characteristics; however, all fulfilled the evaluated physical quality requirements. Among the formulations evaluated, F2 provided the most balanced combination of spreadability, adhesiveness, and pH characteristics. Therefore, the formulation of kepundung leaf ethanol extract cream has potential as a basis for the further development of topical dosage forms. Nevertheless, additional long-term and accelerated stability studies are required to confirm the long-term stability of the formulations.

Keywords

Baccaurea racemosa; Cream; Emulsifier; Stearic acid; Triethanolamine; Physical stability

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37311/jsscr.v8i2.37946

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