Analysis of Decisions Granting Child Custody to the Biological Father

Syahrial Nugraha Rahman

doi:10.33756/eslaj.v8i1.20712

Analysis of Decisions Granting Child Custody to the Biological Father

Syahrial Nugraha Rahman

Abstract

Article 105 of the Compilation of Islamic Law provides that custody of a child who is not yet mumayyiz belongs to the mother, yet in Decision Number 470/Pdt.G/2022/PA.Gtlo the Gorontalo Religious Court awarded custody to the biological father. This article examines the legal basis on which child custody is determined and the considerations that led the court to depart from Article 105. The study uses normative legal research drawing on statutory provisions, the court decision and secondary legal materials, supported by information from the court registrar. It finds that the mother’s priority in hadhanah is not absolute: where the mother is shown to be unfit, custody passes to the nearest relative who satisfies the requirements under Article 156 of the Compilation of Islamic Law, and a child who is mumayyiz may choose between the parents, subject to the chosen parent’s capacity to guarantee the child’s physical and spiritual welfare. Islamic law, the Compilation of Islamic Law, the Marriage Law and the Child Protection Law converge on the best interests of the child, which justified the court’s contra legem reasoning in this case.

Keywords

Biological Father; Child Custody; Hadhanah; Religious Court.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Ahmad, Ahmad. “Analysis of Abuse of Authority by Government Apparatus in the State Administrative Legal System.” International Journal of Constitutional and Administrative Law 1, no. 1 (2025): 69–83.

Ahmad, Ahmad, M. R. Hamzah, and G. Rena. “Upaya Pemerintah dalam Mengurangi Dampak Negatif Pertambangan Batu Hitam di Daerah Gorontalo.” Deposisi: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Hukum 2, no. 2 (2024): 422–430.

Ahmad, Ahmad, and K. Rivera. “Analysis of Legal Protection of Human Rights in the Context of State Administrative Law.” International Journal of Constitutional and Administrative Law (2026): 40–53.

Anwar, Sarah Rosanna. “Pengabaian Asas Pacta Sunt Servanda dalam Perjanjian Hak Asuh Anak (Analisis Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 2021 K/Pdt/2020).” 2022. http://repository.umsu.ac.id/handle/123456789/19224.

Bahutala, A. E., Fence M. Wantu, and Ahmad Ahmad. “The Contest of Judicial Rationality: An Examination of Judges' Considerations in PTUN Cases No. 21/G/2022/PTUN.GTO and 19/B/2023/PT.TUN.MDO.” Damhil Law Journal 1, no. 1 (2025): 54–69.

Fadila Tatia Septia. “Analisis Peralihan Hak Asuh Anak di Bawah Umur dari Ibu ke Ayah (Studi Putusan Nomor 685/Pdt.G/2022/PA.LT).” Skripsi, Universitas Mataram, 2023. http://eprints.unram.ac.id/35279/.

Febiola, F., and W. A. Dungga. “Implikasi Yuridis Pembatalan Akta Kelahiran terhadap Status Keperdataan Anak di Luar Perkawinan.” Al-Zayn: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum 4, no. 2 (2026): 1516–1526.

Gobel, R. T. S., Ahmad Ahmad, and Yassine Chami. “The Constitutional Court in the Vortex of Resonance of Political Power.” As-Siyasi: Journal of Constitutional Law 5, no. 2 (2025): 245–266.

Hidayat, H., Fence M. Wantu, and Ahmad Ahmad. “Determination of Marriage Dispensation at Gorontalo Religious Court in Accordance with the Child Protection Law No. 35 of 2014.” Estudiante Law Journal 6, no. 3 (2024): 663–680.

Ismail, Dian Ekawaty, Y. Arsyad, Ahmad Ahmad, Novendri M. Nggilu, and Yassine Chami. “Collocation of Restorative Justice with Human Rights in Indonesia.” Legality: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 32, no. 2 (2024): 394–417.

Laya, P. N. D., M. C. Thalib, Ahmad Ahmad, and R. Agustina. “Legal Implications of Defendant's Non-Compliance with Child Support Obligations Based on Ruling No. 214/Pdt.G/2023/PA.Gtlo.” Estudiante Law Journal 7, no. 2 (2025): 358–373.

Mansari, Mansari, Iman Jauhari, Azhari Yahya, and Muhammad Irvan Hidayana. “Hak Asuh Anak Pasca Terjadinya Perceraian Orang Tua dalam Putusan Hakim Mahkamah Syar’iyah Banda Aceh.” Gender Equality: International Journal of Child and Gender Studies 4, no. 2 (2018): 103–124. https://doi.org/10.22373/equality.v4i2.4539.

Mardanawati, Fitria. “Tinjauan Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif terhadap Hak Asuh Anak yang Belum Mumayyiz kepada Ayah Kandung (Studi terhadap Putusan Nomor 639/Pdt.G/2019/PA.Btl).” Skripsi, UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, 2020. https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/44917/.

Mokodompit, R., and Ahmad Ahmad. “Mengonseptualisasi Prinsip Meaningful Participation Melalui Kerangka Demokrasi Deliberatif Jürgen Habermas: Analisis terhadap Putusan MK No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020.” Journal of Contemporary Law Studies 3, no. 1 (2025): 113–136.

Munawar, Sofyan. “Analisis Putusan Mahkamah Agung tentang Hak Asuh Anak Pascacerai Orang Tua Murtad: Perspektif Islam, Hak Asasi Manusia, dan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak.” Master's thesis, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2019. https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/45992.

Naslah, Asima, Rohmad Adi Yulianto, and Moh. Zakky. “Penerapan Pemberian Hak Asuh Anak Belum Mumayyiz kepada Ayah (Studi Kasus Perkara Nomor 2887/Pdt.G/2017/PA JS).” Jurnal Hukum Jurisdictie 3, no. 1 (2021): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.34005/jhj.v3i1.37.

Nelly Rosita. “Pemberian Hak Asuh kepada Ayah bagi Anak yang Belum Mumayyiz Pasca Perceraian (Studi Analisis Putusan Mahkamah Syar’iyah Banda Aceh Nomor 0200/Pdt.G/2015/MS.Bna).” Skripsi, UIN Ar-Raniry, 2020. https://repository.ar-raniry.ac.id/id/eprint/14589/.

Nggilu, Novendri M., V. O. P. Apripari, Dian Ekawaty Ismail, and Ahmad Ahmad. “Restorative Justice in Victimless Crimes under the Criminal Procedure Code: Problematics and Solutions.” Jurnal Hukum Novelty 17, no. 1 (2026): 144–160.

Nurmansyah, Nurmansyah. “Analisis Yuridis Pertimbangan Hakim terhadap Hak Asuh Anak di Bawah Umur (Studi Putusan Perkara Nomor 594/Pdt.G/2020/PA.Ktbm).” Other, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi, 2021. http://repository.umko.ac.id/.

Nurul Huda. “Pertimbangan Hakim terhadap Putusan Deklaratoir dan Kondemnatoir tentang Penetapan Hak Asuh Anak kepada Ibu Kandungnya (Studi Putusan Perkara Nomor 1234/Pdt.G/2018/PA.Tnk, Putusan Nomor 0014/Pdt.G/2019/PTA.Bdl, dan Putusan Nomor 1376/Pdt.G/2019/PA.Tnk).” Master's thesis, UIN Raden Intan Lampung, 2021. http://repository.radenintan.ac.id/15306/.

Oktariyadi, M. A., and Ayu Tria. “Pertimbangan Hakim terhadap Pemberian Hak Asuh Anak di Bawah Umur kepada Suami (Studi Putusan Nomor 0144/Pdt.G/2015/MS.Ttn).” Al-Mursalah 3, no. 1 (2018). http://jurnal.staitapaktuan.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mursalah/article/view/87.

Putri, V. S., Ahmad Ahmad, and M. H. Muhtar. “Antara Otoritas dan Otonomi: Pertautan Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Praktik Eksekusi Putusan PTUN: Perlindungan HAM dalam Eksekusi Upaya Paksa terhadap Putusan Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara.” Jurnal Konstitusi 21, no. 3 (2024): 392–412.

Radjak, S., Dian Ekawaty Ismail, and Ahmad Ahmad. “Analysis of the Constitutional Court Decision on Election Campaigns at Educational Institutions from the Perspective of the Purpose of Law.” Estudiante Law Journal 7, no. 3 (2025): 890–905.

Rahmah, Muthia. “Hak Asuh Anak dalam Perkawinan Campuran (Studi Analisis Putusan Pengadilan Agama Jakarta Selatan Perkara Nomor 0208/Pdt.G/2012/PAJS).” Bachelor's thesis, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2018. https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/42993.

Robianti, Masayu, and Siti Rahmah. “Analisis Yuridis Putusan Hakim tentang Pemberian Hak Asuh Anak kepada Bapak (Studi Perkara Nomor 44/Pdt.G/2012/PA.Kbj).” Audi et AP: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum 1, no. 2 (2022): 143–150.

Rofiq, Muhammad Khoirur. “Pemberian Hak Asuh Anak dalam Perceraian karena Peralihan Agama (Murtad).” Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities 6, no. 2 (2021): 97–110. https://doi.org/10.21580/jish.v6i2.8171.

Sari, Laily Lukita Nilam, Wasis Suprayitno, and Kukuh Dwi Kurniawan. “Pelaksanaan Eksekusi Hak Asuh Anak dalam Perkara Perceraian (Studi Kasus Putusan No. 1618/Pdt.G/2020/PA.Smp).” Indonesia Law Reform Journal 2, no. 2 (2022): 166–181. https://doi.org/10.22219/ilrej.v2i2.22075.

Siswanto, Heru, and Elfirda Ade Putri. “Akibat Hukum Penetapan Hak Waris dan Hak Asuh Anak oleh Hakim Pengadilan Negeri: Studi Putusan Nomor 282/Pdt.G/2014/PN.Tng.” Jurnal Hukum Sasana 7, no. 2 (2021): 333–344. https://doi.org/10.31599/sasana.v7i2.867.

Syairopi, Ahmad. “Pemberian Hak Asuh Anak kepada Suami yang Non-Muslim (Analisis Putusan Nomor 1429/Pdt.G/2013/PA.Tng).” Bachelor's thesis, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2016. https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/42583.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33756/eslaj.v8i1.20712