AKTIVITAS PENURUNAN GULA DARAH EKSTRAK ETANOL KOMBINASI DAUN YAKON (Smallanthus sonchifolius) DAN KARAS TULANG (Chloranthus erectus) PADA TIKUS DIINDUKSI ALLOKSAN

Luthfiyyah Amalia Zahra, Haryoto Haryoto

Abstract


Diabetes mellitus merupakan gangguan metabolik kronis yang ditandai hiperglikemia akibat gangguan sekresi atau kerja insulin, sehingga meningkatnya prevalensi penyakit ini mendorong pengembangan terapi herbal yang lebih aman dan memiliki efek samping lebih rendah. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada evaluasi efektivitas kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun yakon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) dan daun karas tulang (Chloranthus erectus) sebagai kandidat antidiabetes serta perbandingannya dengan ekstrak tunggal dan metformin. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai aktivitas penurun glukosa darah kombinasi kedua ekstrak pada tikus Wistar yang diinduksi alloksan. Penelitian eksperimental dilakukan pada 24 ekor tikus jantan Wistar yang dibagi menjadi enam kelompok, yaitu kontrol normal, kontrol negatif, ekstrak daun yakon, ekstrak daun karas tulang, kombinasi ekstrak, dan metformin. Skrining fitokimia menggunakan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) menunjukkan kedua ekstrak mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, dan saponin. Data dianalisis pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% menggunakan uji Shapiro–Wilk, Kruskal–Wallis, dan Mann–Whitney. Hasil uji Kruskal–Wallis menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok (P-value = 0,002). Ekstrak daun yakon dan kombinasi ekstrak menurunkan kadar glukosa darah secara signifikan dibandingkan kontrol negatif (P-value = 0,021), sedangkan ekstrak daun karas tulang tunggal tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna (P-value = 0,248). Kelompok kombinasi juga tidak berbeda signifikan dengan metformin (P-value = 0,149), yang menunjukkan efektivitas antidiabetes yang sebanding. Dengan demikian, kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun yakon dan daun karas tulang berpotensi sebagai terapi herbal antidiabetes.


Keywords


Alloksan; Chloranthus erectus; Diabetes melitus; Smallanthus sonchifolius; Tikus Wistar.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35971/gojhes.v10i3.39507

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