Geomorphological Analysis of the Right Bank Area of Bulango Ulu Dam, Gorontalo Province Using Geological and DEM-Based Terrain Evaluation

Muhamad Danial Suma, Yayu Indriati Arifin, Noviar Akase

Abstract


This study investigates the geomorphological characteristics of the right bank area of the Bulango Ulu Dam in Gorontalo Province to support infrastructure planning, risk assessment, and sustainable land use. Employing integrated methods involving field observations and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) analysis, the research identifies two principal geomorphological units: Structural Low Hills (S1) and Fluvial Plains (F1). These units are shaped by the combined influence of endogenic processes, such as tectonic uplift and structural deformation, and exogenic processes, including fluvial erosion, sedimentation, and weathering. Lithological analysis revealed the presence of three main rock units diorite, granodiorite, and alluvial deposits each contributing to the area's terrain diversity and physical stability. Morphometric classification indicates that steep (30–70%) and very steep (70–140%) slopes dominate more than half of the study area, highlighting a high susceptibility to landslides and erosion hazards, particularly during peak rainfall seasons. The identification of a sub-dendritic drainage pattern suggests that geological structures play a vital role in directing surface runoff and sediment transport. The novelty of this research lies in its localized and detailed geomorphological assessment, which had not been previously conducted on the dam’s right bank. The findings have practical implications for dam safety, slope reinforcement strategies, and regional spatial planning under dynamic geological conditions.

Keywords


Geology; Geomorphology; DEM; Bulango Ulu

Full Text:

PDF

References


Apandi, T., & S. Bachri. (1997). Peta Geologi Lembar Kotamobagu, Sulawesi, Skala 1:250.000.

Bishta, A. Z., & Qudsi, E. Z. (2023). Implementation of space imageries, remote sensing and GIS techniques in the geological and geomorphological analysis of Wadi Fatima drainage basin, Saudi Arabia. The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Sciences, 26(3), 563–579. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EJRS.2023.06.006.

Coblentz, D., Pabian, F., Prasad, L., Coblentz, D., Pabian, F., & Prasad, L. (2014). Quantitative Geomorphometrics for Terrain Characterization. International Journal of Geosciences, 5(3), 247–266. https://doi.org/10.4236/IJG.2014.53026.

Delgado-Reivan, X., Paredes-Miranda, C., Loaiza, S., Echeverria, M. D. P. V., Mulas, M., & Jordá-Bordehore, L. (2023). Stability Analysis of Rocky Slopes on the Cuenca–Girón–Pasaje Road, Combining Limit Equilibrium Methods, Kinematics, Empirical Methods, and Photogrammetry. Remote Sensing 2023, Vol. 15, Page 862, 15(3), 862. https://doi.org/10.3390/RS15030862.

Hamim, R. H. P., Arifin, Y. I., & Manyoe, I. N. (2023). Geomorphological Study of the Talumopatu Geothermal Area Gorontalo Regency Gorontalo Province. E3S Web of Conferences, 400, 01005. https://doi.org/10.1051/E3SCONF/202340001005.

Isdianto, A., Adibah, F., Haykal, M. F., Irsyad, M. J., Asyari, I. M., & Supriyadi, S. (2022). Indeks Kerentanan Pesisir Ditinjau Dari Geomorfologi, Elevasi, Dan Ancaman Gelombang Untuk Mewujudkan Ketahanan Ekosistem Pesisir. Jukung (Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan), 8(2). https://doi.org/10.20527/JUKUNG.V8I2.14912.

Jiang, L., Liu, Y., Li, W., Yuan, S., Yuan, J., Li, S., & Liu, B. (2024). Mesozoic—Cenozoic uplift of Qiman Tagh Range in northern Tibet Plateau, western China. GSA Bulletin, 136(3–4), 1050–1066. https://doi.org/10.1130/B36943.1.

Liao, H. mei, Yang, X. guo, Lu, G. da, Tao, J., & Zhou, J. wen. (2022). A geotechnical index for landslide dam stability assessment. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 13(1), 854–876. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2022.2048906.

Mamonto, F. K., Arifin, Y. I., Akase, N., & Manyoe, I. N. (2024). Karakteristik Geomorfologi Daerah Ayuhulalo Dan Sekitarnya Kecamatan Tilamuta, Kabupaten Boalemo. Journal of Applied Geoscience and Engineering, 3(1), 51–61. https://doi.org/10.37905/JAGE.V3I1.26918.

Melo, R. H., Pambudi, M. R., & Niode, A. (2024). Socioeconomic status, lake knowledge, and community participation in the sustainable Lake Limboto management, Gorontalo Regency. Journal of Water and Land Development, 60, 177–182. https://doi.org/10.24425/JWLD.2024.149119.

Mohd, R., Zawawi, M. H., Abas, M. A., Ahmad Mazlan, A. Z., Mohd Arif Zainol, M. R. R., Hassan, N. H., Che Wan Zanial, W. N., Dullah, H., & Kamaruddin, M. A. (2023). Structure Integrity Analysis Using Fluid–Structure Interaction at Hydropower Bottom Outlet Discharge. Water 2023, Vol. 15, Page 1039, 15(6), 1039. https://doi.org/10.3390/W15061039.

Nurwihastuti, D. W., Sartohadi, J., Mardiatno, D., Nehren, U.,  , R., Nurwihastuti, D. W., Sartohadi, J., Mardiatno, D., Nehren, U., &  , R. (2014). Understanding of Earthquake Damage Pattern through Geomorphological Approach: A Case Study of 2006 Earthquake in Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. World Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2(3), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.4236/WJET.2014.23B010.

Petrone, P., Allocca, V., Fusco, F., Incontri, P., & De Vita, P. (2023). Engineering geological 3D modeling and geotechnical characterization in the framework of technical rules for geotechnical design: the case study of the Nola’s logistic plant (southern Italy). Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 82(1), https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-022-03017-y

Ranganai, R. T., Moidaki, M. D., King, J. G., & Bagai, Z. B. (2017). Geophysical and Hydrogeological Groundwater Prospectivity Mapping in the Kraaipan Granite-Greenstone Terrain, Southeast Botswana. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 09(11), 1270–1298. https://doi.org/10.4236/JWARP.2017.911082.

Sutriyono, Zainuri, A., & Kasim, M. (2021). Identification of Land Movement Safety Factors on the Slope of Lolak Dam. Journal of Earth Energy Science, Engineering, and Technology, 4(3), 2021. https://doi.org/10.25105/JEESET.V4I3.10713.

Vincent, L. T., Eaton, B. C., Leenman, A. S., & Jakob, M. (2022). Secondary Geomorphic Processes and Their Influence on Alluvial Fan Morphology, Channel Behavior and Flood Hazards. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 127(2), e2021JF006371. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006371.

Yang, X., Becker, F., Nykamp, M., Ludwig, B., Doğan, M., & Schütt, B. (2023). Holocene geomorphodynamics of a rural catchment in the Pergamon micro-region (eastern Mediterranean). Holocene, 33(11), 1407–1421. https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836231185837.

Zaccagnino, D., & Doglioni, C. (2022). Earth’s gradients as the engine of plate tectonics and earthquakes. La Rivista Del Nuovo Cimento 2022 45:12, 45(12), 801–881. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40766-022-00038-X.

Zingaro, M., La Salandra, M., & Capolongo, D. (2022). New Perspectives of Earth Surface Remote Detection for Hydro-Geomorphological Monitoring of Rivers. Sustainability 2022, Vol. 14, Page 14093, 14(21), 14093. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU142114093.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.37905/jgeosrev.v7i2.28127

Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2025 Muhamad Danial Suma

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.