KARAKTERISTIK ANTROPOMETRI, SOMATOTIPE, DAN KOMPOSISI TUBUH ATLET KATEGORI BELA DIRI PADA BERBAGAI CABANG OLAHRAGA
Abstract
Jenis olahraga bela diri memiliki spesifikasi bentuk tubuh yang hampir sama antar cabang olahraga, namun memiliki karakteristik pertandingan yang berbeda dari durasi, intensitas, hingga pola gerakan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini melakukan komparasi antropometri, komposisi tubuh, somatotipe, dan performa pada berbagai jenis olahraga bela diri. Desain penelitian menggunakan studi cross sectional pada cabang olahraga karate, Mixed Martial Arts (MMA), pencak silat, dan taekwondo. Total responden yang terlibat adalah 89 atlet (50 laki – laki, 39 perempuan) yang merupakan atlet pembinaan Kementerian Pemuda dan Olahraga (Kemenpora) pada 5 provinsi yaitu DKI Jakarta, Jawa Barat, DIY, Sulawesi Selatan, dan Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB). Analisis data menggunakan SPSS dengan uji univariat dan bivariat (ANOVA dan Krusskal Wallis). Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan dari segi antropometri, komposisi tubuh, maupun somatotipe cabang olahraga karate, pencak silat, MMA, dan taekwondo. Perbedaan signifikan terlihat pada variabel tinggi badan untuk atlet taekwondo dan pencak silat laki – laki (p = 0,028). Variabel tebal lipatan lemak bagian subskapula juga terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada atlet karate dan pencak silat (laki – laki) dan pada atlet pencak silat dan taekwondo (perempuan) ( p = 0,030; p = 0,019). Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan pada keempat cabang olahraga memiliki kemampuan fisik dasar dan adaptasi fisiologis yang sama.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37311/jhsj.v8i2.39925
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