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LITERATUR REVIEW: RISIKO KESEHATAN MELALUI KONSUMSI IKAN YANG MENGANDUNG LOGAM BERAT NIKEL (Ni)
Abstract
Industri logam berat Nikel menyumbang limbah ke badan perairan. Logam berat dalam perairan yang relatif kecil pun akan diserap dan terakumulasi secara biologis oleh tanaman dan biota air, kemudian terlibat dalam sistem jaring makanan. Ikan kecil menjadi termakan oleh ikan besar dan akhirnya dikonsumsi oleh manusia. Artikel ini mereview sepuluh jurnal internasional dan dua jurnal nasional untuk mengkonfirmasi risiko kesehatan akibat konsumsi ikan yang mengandung Nikel. Kata kunci pencarian sumber yang digunakan adalah risiko kesehatan logam Nikel melalui konsumsi ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui risiko kesehatan penduduk akibat pajanan Nikel melalui konsumsi ikan. Metode yang digunakan adalah literature review (study literature). Hasil yang diperoleh adalah umumnya konsentrasi Nikel di perairan dan organ tubuh ikan belum melewati batas aman yang ditetapkan. Nilai Ambang Batas (NAB) yang ditetapkan oleh Kepmen LH No. 51 Tahun 2004, untuk perairan adalah 0,075 mg/l dan untuk biota laut adalah 0,05 ppm (0,05 mg/kg), juga pada nilai Target Hazard Quotient menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi ikan yang mengandung Nikel semuanya kurang dari 1, artinya konsumsi ikan dari perairan yang tercemar Nikel tersebut masih aman bagi kesehatan. Namun nilai Target Cancer Risk rata-rata menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi ikan yang mengandung Nikel secara terus menerus selama 70 tahun, berisiko karsinogenik artinya dapat menyebabkan kanker pada manusia. Kesimpulan bahwa konsentrasi Nikel di perairan dan organ tubuh ikan belum melewati ambang batas yang ditetapkan, jadi konsumsi ikan dari perairan tersebut masih pada level yang aman.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35971/jjhsr.v5i4.20940
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