IMPLEMENTATION SAFETY CONSTRUCTION CYCLE TO IMPROVE SAFETY AWARENESS, MOTIVATION, AND REDUCE UNSAFE ACTION AMONG SUBCONSTRUCTION WORKER

Abstract

Unsafe actions remain the leading cause of occupational accidents among subcontractor workers in manufacturing industries, despite widespread safety programs. Persistent gaps in safety awareness and motivation highlight the need for a theory-driven behaviour intervention. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and mechanism of the Safety Construction Cycle, developed based on the Loss Causation Model, in improving safety awareness and motivation while reducing unsafe actions. A quasi-experimental study with a not equivalent control group design was conducted among 120 subcontractor workers at PT X, consisting of an intervention group (n=60) and a control group (n=60). The intervention group received the Safety Construction Cycle over two weeks through six iterative cycles integrating safety communication, behaviour observation, hazard prediction, management engagement, and reinforcement, while the control group continued routine practices. Safety awareness was analysing using the paired sample t-test, whereas safety motivation and unsafe actions were analysing using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Between-group differences were assessed using the Mann Whitney U test. The results showed significant improvements in safety awareness and motivation and a reduction in unsafe actions in the intervention group (all p<0.001), with no significant changes in the control group (p>0.05). Post-intervention comparisons confirmed significant differences between groups (p<0.001). That novelty of this program lies in its cyclical, integrated approach that operationalizes the Loss Causation Model by linking management control, basic causes (awareness and motivation), and unsafe actions. Practically, it offers a scalable intervention to enhance safety performance in high-risk industries.