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Ceftriaxone Utilization in Adult Pneumonia Inpatients: A Retrospective Medical Record Review
Abstract
Adult pneumonia remains a major cause of hospitalisation and is frequently managed empirically with broad-spectrum antibiotics. This study aimed to evaluate ceftriaxone utilisation among adult pneumonia inpatients at Toto Kabila Hospital using a retrospective review of medical records. Data were collected for the period January–December 2024 and assessed descriptively, focusing on patient characteristics and key components of rational antibiotic use, including indication, drug selection, dose, dosing interval, and duration, with reference to the Indonesian national clinical guideline (PNPK Pneumonia in Adults, 2023) and international community-acquired pneumonia recommendations. A total of 43 adult inpatients met the eligibility criteria; males accounted for 26 cases (60.5%). Ceftriaxone was the predominant empirical antibiotic, most commonly prescribed as a twice-daily regimen. When evaluated against guideline-based parameters, the overall pattern suggested stronger alignment in antibiotic selection and total daily dose than in dosing interval and treatment duration documentation, indicating opportunities for standardisation. These findings support targeted antimicrobial stewardship interventions, particularly the harmonisation of prescribing practices with guideline-concordant dosing schedules and clearer documentation of clinical severity and therapeutic endpoints to optimise effectiveness while reducing unnecessary antibiotic exposure.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37311/jsscr.v8i1.32397
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