Prevalence and Environmental Risk Factors of Dermatitis in Gorontalo Class IIA Correctional Facility, Indonesia

Abstract

Dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin disorder in correctional settings, often linked to poor environmental conditions. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of dermatitis and its association with housing density, room temperature, and physical water quality among inmates at Gorontalo Class IIA Correctional Facility, Indonesia. A total of 168 inmates were selected through simple random sampling. Data on environmental conditions were collected using validated instruments, and dermatitis diagnoses were confirmed through clinical examination. The results showed that 91 inmates (54.2%) had dermatitis. Statistical analysis using the Chi-Square and Fisher’s Exact tests revealed significant associations between dermatitis and both housing density and room temperature (p = 0.008), while physical water quality was not significantly associated (p = 0.958). These findings highlight that overcrowded living conditions and elevated indoor temperatures contribute significantly to the incidence of dermatitis in prison environments. Improving ventilation systems, regulating room occupancy, and enhancing hygiene promotion are recommended to reduce the risk of dermatitis in correctional facilities.