Characteristics and the appearance of new whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) as a unique phenomenon in the Kwatisore waters within the Cenderawasih Bay National Park area, Papua

Yan Maruanaya; Alex Soleman Willem Retraubun; Samuel Frederik Tuhumury; James Abrahamsz

doi:10.37905/tjas.v2i1.10478

Characteristics and the appearance of new whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) as a unique phenomenon in the Kwatisore waters within the Cenderawasih Bay National Park area, Papua

Yan Maruanaya, Alex Soleman Willem Retraubun, Samuel Frederik Tuhumury, James Abrahamsz

Abstract

Research on whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) was conducted from September 1st to December 20th, 2020 in Kwatisore waters. Kwatisore waters are within the conservation area of the Cenderawasih Bay National Park and have specifications for the number of whale sharks and the appearance of new individuals. The appearance of whale sharks individuals takes place every day around the boat life net area that is anchored in Kwatisore waters. This study aims to assess whale shark aggregation, particularly the total appearances and number of individual appearances in eight boat life net units. The number of appearances and the number of individual whale sharks is very dependent on the catch of anchovies by each boat life net unit and the feed of anchovies given by the fishermen. The results showed that there were 499 appearances of whale sharks consisting of 15 individuals, of which 13 individuals were identified, while 2 were new individuals who had not been identified. The new individual for ID 182 is named Yan Maruanaya and ID 183 is named Bram Maruanaya. The percentage of whale sharks appears during the period of September to December 2020 is 100% male with a length of 3 to 6 m.

Keywords

Whale shark, Appearance, New Individual

Full Text:

PDF

References

Ardania, D., Mohammad M. Kamal, & Yusli Wardianto. (2018). Relationship of Aquatic Physic-Chemical Parameters with the appearance of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) in the waters of Cenderawasih Bay, Papua. Proceedings of the 2nd National Symposium of Indonesian Stingray Sharks in 2018.

Ben Gurion, S., & Anwar, S. (2017). Dissecting Traditional Conservation-Based Ecotourism in Cenderawasih Bay National Park. Cenderawasih Bay National Park.

Casandra, T. (2014). Monitoring and Study of Whale Sharks in Cenderawasih Bay National Park [Annual Monitoring and Study Report 2011 - 2013].

Casandra, T., & Noor, B. A. (2014). Technical Guidance on Monitoring Whale Sharks in Cenderawasih Bay National Park (Version 1). WWF Indonesia Breeder.

Colman, J. G. (1997). A review of the biology and ecology of the whale shark. Journal of Fish Biology, 51, 1219–1234. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb01138.x

Compagno, L. J. V. (2002). Sharks of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. Bullhead, mackerel and carpet sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and Orectolobiformes). Volume 2. FAO.

Cruz, F. A., Joung, S.-J., Liu, K.-M., Hsu, H.-H., & Hsieh, T.-C. (2013). A preliminary study on the feasibility of whale shark (Rhincodon typus) ecotourism in Taiwan. Ocean & Coastal Management, 80, 100–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.03.017

Didi, S., Sarmintohadi, F., Tania, C., Noor, B. A., Prabowo, Rasdiana, H., Miasto, Y., Puspitasari, R., Terry, N., Monintja, M., & Annisa, S. (2015). General Guidelines of Whale Sharks Monitoring in Indonesia. Directorate General of Marine, Coastal and Small Islands, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia.

Duffy, C. A. J. (2002). Distribution, seasonality, lengths, and feeding behaviour of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) observed in New Zealand waters. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36(3), 565–570. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2002.9517112

Enita, S. Y., Kunarso, K., & Wirasatriya, A. (2017). Identifikasi Faktor Oseanografi Terhadap Kemunculan Hiu Paus (Rhincodon typus) di Perairan Kwatisore, Kabupaten Nabire, Papua. Journal of Oceanography, 6(4), 564–572. Retrieved from http://ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/jose

Froese, R., & Pauly, D. (2006). Rhincodon typus, Whale shark: Fisheries. Retrieved from https://www.fishbase.de/summary/2081

Haskell, P. J., McGowan, A., Westling, A., Méndez-Jiménez, A., Rohner, C. A., Collins, K., Rosero-Caicedo, M., Salmond, J., Monadjem, A., Marshall, A. D., & Pierce, S. J. (2015). Monitoring the effects of tourism on whale shark Rhincodon typus behaviour in Mozambique. Oryx, 49(3), 492–499. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605313001257

lpsplsorong. (2020, February 11). Fakta Mengagumkan Ikan Hiu Paus (Ikan Raksasa). Retrieved from https://kkp.go.id/djprl/lpsplsorong/artikel/17097-fakta-mengagumkan-ikan-hiu-paus-ikan-raksasa

Macena, B. C. L., & Hazin, F. H. V. (2016). Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus) Seasonal Occurrence, Abundance and Demographic Structure in the Mid-Equatorial Atlantic Ocean. PLOS ONE, 11(10), e0164440. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164440

Maulida, R., Sunarto, Syamsuddin, M. L., & Astuty, S. (2018). Distribusi Spasial Hiu Paus (Rhincodon typus) Di Kawasan Taman Nasional Teluk Cenderawasih, Papua Barat. Jurnal Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 9(2), 49–53. Retrieved from https://jurnal.unpad.ac.id/jpk/article/view/20514

McKinney, J. A., Hoffmayer, E. R., Wu, W., Fulford, R., & Hendon, J. M. (2012). Feeding habitat of the whale shark Rhincodon typus in the northern Gulf of Mexico determined using species distribution modelling. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 458, 199–211. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09777

Mulis, M., Lamadi, A., & Nane, L. (2020). Pelatihan Pembuatan Bakso Telur Landak Laut (Sea Urchin) sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Ekonomi dan Gizi Masyarakat Pesisir di Desa Kotajin, Gorontalo Utara. Jurnal Abdidas, 1(4), 215-221.

Murdani, N. H., Burhanuddin Masyud, & Fredinan Yulianda. (2018). Bioecological and Ecotourism Development Strategy of Whale Shark-Rhincodon Typus in Teluk Cenderwasih National Park. Media Konservasi, 23(1), 77–84. https://doi.org/10.29243/medkon.23.1.77-84

Norman, B. M., & Stevens, J. D. (2007). Size and maturity status of the whale shark (Rhincodon typus) at Ningaloo Reef in Western Australia. Fisheries Research, 84(1), 81–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2006.11.015

Pedro, A., McGinty, N., & Machete, M. (2014). Dynamics of Whale Shark Occurrence at Their Fringe Ocenic Habitat. PLoS One, 9(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone. 0102060.

Prihadi, D., Nuryana, A., Lili, W., Ihsan, Y., & Ihsan, E. (2017). Daya Dukung Lingkungan dan Analisis Kesesuaian pada Wisata Hiu Paus (Rhincodon typus) di Taman Nasional Teluk Cenderawasih, Kabupaten Nabire. Akuatika Indonesia, 2, 172. https://doi.org/10.24198/jaki.v2i2.23418

Robinson, D. P., Jaidah, M. Y., Bach, S. S., Rohner, C. A., Jabado, R. W., Ormond, R., & Pierce, S. J. (2017). Some like it hot: Repeat migration and residency of whale sharks within an extreme natural environment. PLOS ONE, 12(9), e0185360. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185360

Rowat, D. (2007). Occurrence of whale shark (Rhincodon typus) in the Indian Ocean: A case for regional conservation. Fisheries Research, 84(1), 96–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2006.11.016

Sequeira, A., Mellin, C., Rowat, D., Meekan, M. G., & Bradshaw, C. J. A. (2012). Ocean-scale prediction of whale shark distribution. Diversity and Distributions, 18(5), 504–518. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00853.x

Speed, C. W., Meekan, M. G., & Bradshaw, C. J. (2007). Spot the match – wildlife photo-identification using information theory. Frontiers in Zoology, 4(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-4-2

Stewart, B. S. (2013). Whale Shark Research Ecological Research and Outreach in Teluk Cenderawasih National Park, West Papua and Papua, Indonesia, November 2012—November 2013 (Hubbs-Sea Word Research Institute Technical Report No. 382; pp. 1–18).

Sudjana. (1996). Methoda Statistika (6th ed.). Tarsito, Bandung.

Tiro, M. A. (1999). Analysis of Frequency Data with Chi-Square. Hasanuddin University.

Toha, A. H., Anwar, S., & Setiawan, J. (2018). Hiu Paus Teluk Cenderawasih. Riset dan monitoring berbasis geografis, biologis, ekologis, industri, dan prospekt hiu paus di Taman Nasional Teluk Cenderawasih. Center for the Cenderawasih Bay National Park.

Toha, A. H., Anwar, S., Setiawan, J. B., & Bawole, R. (2019). Cenderawasih Bay Whale Shark: Research and Monitoring Based on Geographical, Biological, Ecological, Industrial, and Prospective Whale Sharks in Cenderawasih Bay National Park (2nd ed.). Center for the Cenderawasih Bay National Park.

Wilson, S. G., Polovina, J. J., Stewart, B. S., & Meekan, M. G. (2006). Movements of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) tagged at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. Marine Biology, 148(5), 1157–1166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-005-0153-8

Yasmina, E. S., Kunarso, & Wirasatriya, A. (2017). Identification of Ocenaographic Factors of the Appearance of Whale Sharks (Rhyncodon typus) in Kwatisore Waters, Nabire Regency, Papua. Journal of Oceanography Undip, 6(4), 564–572.

Zuzy, A., & Saputra, D. S. (2017). Economic valuation of whale shark tourism in Cenderawasih Bay National Park, Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 18(3), 1026–1034. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d180321

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37905/tjas.v2i1.10478 ';

Tomini Journal of Aquatic Science is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.