The Open Court Principle in Electronic Trials at the Gorontalo Administrative Court

Fahrul Pakaya; Fence M. Wantu; Abdul Hamid Tome

doi:10.33756/eslaj.v8i2.41793

The Open Court Principle in Electronic Trials at the Gorontalo Administrative Court

Fahrul Pakaya, Fence M. Wantu, Abdul Hamid Tome

Abstract

Article 13 of Law No. 48 of 2009 and Article 70 of Law No. 5 of 1986 treat the open court principle not as an administrative formality but as a validity requirement: a judgment not pronounced in a hearing open to the public is null and void. Article 27 of Supreme Court Regulation No. 1 of 2019, by contrast, deems every electronic hearing to have satisfied that principle, even though the e-Court platform is accessible only to account holders registered in the case concerned. This article examines how the open court principle is implemented in electronic hearings at the Gorontalo State Administrative Court, and what legal consequences follow from restricting public access. The study is normative-empirical, combining statutory, conceptual, and case approaches with court records of the 88 e-Court cases filed between 2022 and 2025, field observation, and semi-structured interviews. It finds that openness in electronic hearings is satisfied formally but not substantively: public access has been reduced from an open courtroom to a credential-based system, so that no one outside the registered parties can observe the examination of a case. Three consequences follow: the weakening of social control over judicial conduct, a normative disharmony with the hierarchy of legislation, and legal uncertainty caused by the absence of any rule governing public access. The article proposes that the Supreme Court regulate a public observation channel rather than rely on a deeming provision

Keywords

Administrative Court; Electronic Trial; Judicial Transparency; Open Court Principle

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33756/eslaj.v8i2.41793