Pharmacokinetics of Antihypertensive Drugs During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review

Ni Luh Putu Wulan Trisnadewi, Made Ary Sarasmita, Eka Indra Setyawan

Abstract


Hypertension during pregnancy is a serious medical condition that poses risks to both maternal and fetal health. Physiological changes associated with pregnancy can significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of antihypertensive medications, necessitating individualized dose adjustments and careful monitoring. This systematic review aims to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profiles of five commonly used antihypertensive drugs in pregnant women: amlodipine, metoprolol, magnesium sulfate, labetalol, and nifedipine. The literature search was conducted using recent articles published in the past ten years. Study selection followed the PRISMA guideline, and data were analyzed qualitatively. The findings indicate that increased plasma volume, hepatic changes, and genetic polymorphisms influence drug disposition. Amlodipine and metoprolol exhibit good bioavailability but are affected by genotype. Magnesium sulfate is effective for preeclampsia management but is frequently associated with side effects such as nausea and headache. Labetalol and nifedipine demonstrate acceptable safety profiles but require dose modifications based on lean body weight. In conclusion, although these antihypertensive agents are generally safe for use during pregnancy, their administration must be tailored to individual patient characteristics. Further research is needed to assess long-term outcomes and determine the most effective treatment strategies for hypertensive pregnant populations.

Keywords


Antihypertensive Drugs; Maternal Pharmacokinetics; Pregnancy; Drug Metabolism; Physiological Changes

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37311/ijpe.v5i2.31058

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