Antioxidant Activity and Blood Glucose-Lowering Effect of Sweet Potato Leaf Biscuits in Alloxan-Induced Rats
Abstract
Sweet potato leaves are a potential source of natural antioxidants because they contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and anthocyanins. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of sweet potato leaf biscuits and their effect on blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced male rats. Biscuits were formulated using sweet potato leaf simplicia at three concentrations, namely 30 g (F1), 40 g (F2), and 50 g (F3). A total of 30 experimental rats were divided into six groups: normal control, negative control, positive control, and three treatment groups receiving F1, F2, or F3 biscuits. The test preparations were administered orally once daily for 21 days. Organoleptic evaluation, proximate analysis, antioxidant activity using the DPPH method, and blood glucose measurements were performed. Blood glucose data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by the LSD post hoc test. The results showed that all biscuit formulations met the proximate quality requirements according to SNI 01-2973-1992. Antioxidant testing demonstrated that F3 had the strongest antioxidant activity, as indicated by the lowest IC₅₀ value among the tested formulations. F3 also produced the greatest reduction in blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced rats. These findings suggest that biscuits containing a higher proportion of sweet potato leaf simplicia may provide greater antioxidant activity and better glucose-lowering potential.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
G. Martemucci, C. Costagliola, M. Mariano, L. D’Andrea, P. Napolitano, and A. G. D’Alessandro, “Free radical properties, source and targets, antioxidant consumption and health,” Oxygen, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 48–78, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/oxygen2020006
H. A. Hassan, H. S. Ahmed, and D. F. Hassan, “Free radicals and oxidative stress: Mechanisms and therapeutic targets,” Human Antibodies, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 151–167, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3233/HAB-240011
N. Eguchi, N. D. Vaziri, D. C. Dafoe, and H. Ichii, “The role of oxidative stress in pancreatic β cell dysfunction in diabetes,” Int. J. Mol. Sci., vol. 22, no. 4, art. no. 1509, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041509
H. Singh et al., “Role of oxidative stress in diabetes-induced complications and their management with antioxidants,” Arch. Physiol. Biochem., vol. 130, no. 6, pp. 616–641, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1080/13813455.2023.2243651
U. Galicia-Garcia, A. Benito-Vicente, S. Jebari, and A. Larrea-Sebal, “Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus,” Int. J. Mol. Sci., vol. 21, no. 17, art. no. 6275, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176275
E. P. Laveriano-Santos et al., “Sweet potato is not simply an abundant food crop: A comprehensive review of its phytochemical constituents, biological activities, and the effects of processing,” Antioxidants, vol. 11, no. 9, art. no. 1648, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091648
H. C. Nguyen, C. Chen, K. Lin, P. Chao, and H. Lin, “Sweet potato leaves: Composition, processing, and health relevance,” Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2014.960909
R. Rahmani, “Utilization of cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica) as a functional food jelly drink: A review of gelling agent type and concentration,” Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 200–207, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v3i2.4699
M. M. Essa, M. Bishir, and A. Bhat, “Functional foods and their impact on health,” J. Food Sci. Technol., vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 820–834, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-021-05193-3
F. A. Mabogo, M. E. Mashau, and S. E. Ramashia, “Effect of partial replacement of wheat flour with unripe banana flour on the functional, thermal, and physicochemical characteristics of flour and biscuits,” Int. Food Res. J., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 138–147, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.47836/ifrj.28.1.14
N. Nyoman, W. Udayani, N. Kadek, and D. Cipta, “Formulation and potency of citrus mistletoe leaves (Dendrophthoe glabrescens (Blakely) Barlow) extract gel on burn wound healing,” vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 208–221, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Formulation+and+Potency+Extract+Gel+of+Citrus+Mistletoe+Leaves+Dendrophthoe+glabrescens+on+Burn+Wound+Healing+2025
C. Ruiz-Capillas and A. M. Herrero, “Sensory analysis and consumer research in new product development,” Foods, vol. 10, no. 3, art. no. 582, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10030582
M. Samad, K. Mohammad, and S. Rahman, Techniques to Measure Food Safety and Quality. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780128186848/techniques-to-measure-food-safety-and-quality
B. J. Tepper and I. T. Barbarossa, “Taste, nutrition, and health,” 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815761-9.00001-0
S. Rustagi, “Food texture and its perception, acceptance and evaluation,” 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815761-9.00010-1
D. Racero-Galaraga, J. D. Rhenals-Julio, S. Sofan-German, J. M. Mendoza, and A. Bula-Silvera, “Proximate analysis in biomass: Standards, applications and key characteristics,” Results in Chemistry, vol. 12, art. no. 101886, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101886
F. Silva, F. Veiga, C. Cardoso, and F. Dias, “A rapid and simplified DPPH assay for analysis of antioxidant interactions in binary combinations,” Microchemical Journal, vol. 202, art. no. 110801, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2024.110801
A. Bouyahya et al., “Clinical applications and mechanism insights of natural flavonoids against type 2 diabetes mellitus,” Heliyon, vol. 10, no. 9, art. no. e29718, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29718
A. B. Budiyanto, A. M. Muslihin, L. Hardia, D. F. Uncila, and F. A. Lutfinana, “Antihyperglycemic activity of hydro-ethanolic extract of Anamirta cocculus against glucose-induced hyperglycemia in rats,” Trop. J. Nat. Prod. Res., 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.tjnpr.org/index.php/home/article/view/
D. Günal and E. Capanoglu, “Quercetin: Potential antidiabetic effects through enzyme inhibition and starch digestibility,” Food Sci. Nutr., 2025. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1002/fsh3.12066
N. Nyoman, W. Udayani, I. M. Agus, G. Wirasuta, and D. A. Kintan, “Sweet potato leaf extract gummy candy as an antioxidant-rich functional food for stunting prevention in children,” vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 251–263, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.37311/jsscr.v7i3.33862
F. Cosme, A. Aires, T. Pinto, I. Oliveira, and A. Vilela, “A comprehensive review of bioactive tannins in foods and beverages: Functional properties, health benefits, and sensory qualities,” 2025. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30040800
S. Ghasemiyeh, N. Mohammadi-Samani, and M. N. (et al.), “Experimental animal models for diabetes and its related complications—A review,” Laboratory Animal Research, vol. 37, art. no. 1, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42826-021-00101-4
S. Lal, V. Kumar, S. K. Sharma, and M. Sardana, “Diabetogenic potential of alloxan in albino mice,” vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 48–55, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.9790/264X-0604014855
P. Nath, T. Bordoloi, P. Kashyap, A. Bhuyan, A. Ashif, and R. Debnath, “A review on the bioactive compounds, medicinal uses and pharmacological significance of Costus igneus,” 2026. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100548
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37311/ijpe.v6i1.37311
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Nyoman Wahyu Udayani, Ni Kadek Ganis Wulandari, Ni Komang Ary Agustina Berliana Putri, Ni Putu Trisna Meika, I Putu Aldy Mahendra
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.