A Fractional Mathematical Model for Controlling and Understanding Transmission Dynamics in Computer Virus Management Systems
Abstract
The constant danger of computer viruses and malware makes it difficult to safely simulate the management of computer systems over time for both networks and individual users. The present study proposes a novel six-compartment fractional model that builds on existing classical frameworks and examines the existence and uniqueness of its solution, indicating that it is both mathematically and biologically well-posed. Additionally, we compute the fundamental reproduction number R0 and use sensitivity analysis to investigate the impact of various factors on the model's behavior. The Laplace Adomian Decomposition Method is employed for numerical analysis, and its findings have the potential to transform computer security and network management by providing robust countermeasures and eradication tactics. The complex properties of the fractional-order model are further explored by examining the memory effect of fractional order on system dynamics. The research findings offer valuable insights for virus managers in developing and implementing effective management methods and can successfully prevent the spread of computer viruses by leveraging these discoveries. In conclusion, this study provides significant insights and solutions for protecting the integrity of digital domains and network infrastructure.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
M. Farman et al., “Modeling and analysis of computer virus fractional order model,†in: Methods of Mathematical Modelling, H. Singh, H. M. Srivastava, and D. Baleanu, Eds. Academic Press, 2022, pp. 137–157. ISBN:978-0-323-99888-8. DOI:10.1016/B978-0-323-99888-8.00010-3
P. M. Beach et al., “Analysis of Systems Security Engineering Design Principles for the Development of Secure and Resilient Systems,†IEEE Access, Vol. 7, pp. 101741–101757, 2019. DOI:10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2930718
E. Balcı, I˙. Öztürk, and S. Kartal, “Dynamical behaviour of fractional order tumor model with Caputo and conformable fractional derivative,†Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Vol. 123, pp. 43–51, 2019. DOI:10.1016/j.chaos.2019.03.032
A. D. Lazarov, “Mathematical Modelling of Malware Intrusion in Computer Networks,†Cybernetics and Information Technologies, Vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 29–47, 2022. DOI:10.2478/cait-2022-0026
A. O. Yunus and M. O. Olayiwola, “Mathematical modeling of malaria epidemic dynamics with enlightenment and therapy intervention using the Laplace-Adomian decomposition method and Caputo fractional order,†Franklin Open, Vol. 8, p. 100147, 2024. DOI:10.1016/j.fraope.2024.100147
T. Korkiatsakul, S. Koonprasert, and K. Neamprem, “Analytical Solutions of Computer Virus Propagation Model with Anti-virus Software and Time Dependent Connecting Network in Caputo Fractional Derivative Sense,†International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, Vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 3006–3017, 2019. ISSN:0974-3154
A. K. Chakraborty, P. Shahrear, and Md. A. Islam, “Analysis Of Epidemic Model By Differential Transform Method,†Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology, Vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 6574–6581, 2017. ISSN:2458-9403
A. O. Oladapo et al., “Optimal control analysis on mathematical model of dynamical transmission of hiv-malaria co-infection,†Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, Vol. 58, no. 1, 2023. DOI:10.35741/issn.0258-2724.58.1.44
A. O. Yunus and M. A. Omoloye, “Mathematical Analysis of Efficacy of Condom as a Contraceptive on the Transmission of Chlamydia Disease,†International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Applications, Vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 22–37, 2023. DOI:10.47760/ijcsma.2022.v10i02.002
H. Panigoro and E. Rahmi, “Global stability of a fractional-order logistic growth model with infectious disease,†Jambura Journal of Biomathematics (JJBM), Vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 49–56, 2020. DOI:10.34312/jjbm.v1i2.8135
R. R. Musafir et al., “Comparison of Fractional-Order Monkeypox Model with Singular and Non-Singular Kernels,†Jambura Journal of Biomathematics (JJBM), Vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2024. DOI:10.37905/jjbm.v5i1.24920
F. Haq et al., “Numerical solution of fractional order smoking model via laplace Adomian decomposition method,†Alexandria Engineering Journal, Vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 1061–1069, 2018. DOI:10.1016/j.aej.2017.02.015
A. O. Yunus et al., “A fractional order model of Lassa disease using the Laplace-Adomian Decomposition Method,†Healthcare Analytics, Vol. 3, p. 100167, 2023. DOI:10.1016/j.health.2023.100167
A. I. Alaje and M. O. Olayiwola, “A fractional-order mathematical model for examining the spatiotemporal spread of COVID-19 in the presence of vaccine distribution,†Healthcare Analytics, Vol. 4, p. 100230, 2023. DOI:10.1016/j.health.2023.100230
M. O. Olayiwola et al., “A caputo fractional order epidemic model for evaluating the effectiveness of high-risk quarantine and vaccination strategies on the spread of COVID-19,†Healthcare Analytics, Vol. 3, p. 100179, 2023. DOI:10.1016/j.health.2023.100179
M. Sinan, “Analytic Approximate Solution of Rabies Transmission Dynamics using Homotopy Perturbation Method,†Matrix Science Mathematic, Vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 01–05, 2020. DOI:10.26480/msmk.01.2020.01.05
M. O. Olayiwola, A. I. Alaje, and A. O. Yunus, “A caputo fractional order financial mathematical model analyzing the impact of an adaptive minimum interest rate and maximum investment demand,†Results in Control and Optimization, Vol. 14, p. 100349, 2024. DOI:10.1016/j.rico.2023.100349
A. O. Yunus and M. O. Olayiwola, “The analysis of a novel COVID-19 model with the fractional-order incorporating the impact of the vaccination campaign in Nigeria via the Laplace-Adomian Decomposition Method,†Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences, Vol. 6, no. 2, p. 1830, 2024. DOI:10.46481/jnsps.2024.1830
K. O. Kareem et al., “On the Solution of Volterra Integro-differential Equations using a Modified Adomian Decomposition Method,†Jambura Journal of Mathematics, Vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 265–277, 2023. DOI:10.34312/jjom.v5i2.19029
M. O. Olayiwola and A. O. Yunus, “Mathematical analysis of a within-host dengue virus dynamics model with adaptive immunity using Caputo fractional-order derivatives,†Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Applied Sciences, pp. 1–20, 2024. DOI:10.1007/s43994-024-00151-z
A. M. S. Mahdy, M. Higazy, and M. S. Mohamed, “Optimal and Memristor-Based Control of A Nonlinear Fractional Tumor-Immune Model,†Computers, Materials and Continua, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 3463–3486, 2021. DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015161
A. O. Yunus et al., “Mathematical analysis of fractional-order Caputo’s derivative of coronavirus disease model via Laplace Adomian decomposition method,†Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 144, 2022. DOI:10.1186/s43088-022-00326-9
A. Mahata et al., “Dynamics of Caputo Fractional Order SEIRV Epidemic Model with Optimal Control and Stability Analysis,†International Journal of Applied and Computational Mathematics, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 28, 2022. DOI:10.1007/s40819-021-01224-x
A. O. Yunus and M. O. Olayiwola, “The Analysis of a Co-Dynamic Ebola and Malaria Transmission Model Using the Laplace Adomian Decomposition Method with Caputo Fractional-Order,†Tanzania Journal of Science, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 224–243, 2024. DOI:10.4314/tjs.v50i2.5
K. Shah, F. Jarad, and T. Abdeljawad, “On a nonlinear fractional order model of dengue fever disease under Caputo-Fabrizio derivative,†Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 2305–2313, 2020. DOI:10.1016/j.aej.2020.02.022
M. M. El-Dessoky and M. A. Khan, “Modeling and analysis of an epidemic model with fractal-fractional Atangana-Baleanu derivative,†Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 729–746, 2022. DOI:10.1016/j.aej.2021.04.103
M. Farman et al., “Fractal fractional-order derivative for HIV/AIDS model with Mittag-Leffler kernel,“ Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 61, no. 12, pp. 10965–10980, 2022. DOI:10.1016/j.aej.2022.04.030
R. P. Agarwal et al., “Fractional calculus and fractional differential equations in nonreflexive Banach spaces,“ Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 59–73, 2015. DOI:10.1016/j.cnsns.2013.10.010
A. M. S. Mahdy, K. Lotfy, and A. A. El-Bary, “Use of optimal control in studying the dynamical behaviors of fractional financial awareness models,“ Soft Computing, vol. 26, no. 7, pp. 3401–3409. 2022. DOI:10.1007/s00500-022-06764-y
G. M. Bahaa, “Fractional optimal control problem for variable-order differential systems,“ Fractional Calculus and Applied Analysis, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 1447–1470, 2017. DOI:10.1515/fca-2017-0076
S. Chakraverty, R. M. Jena, and S. K. Jena, “Time-Fractional Model of HIV-I Infection of CD4+ T Lymphocyte Cells in Uncertain Environment,“ in: Time-Fractional Order Biological Systems with Uncertain Parameters. Synthesis Lectures on Mathematics & Statistics. Springer Cham, 2020, pp. 75–104. ISBN:978-3-031-02423-8. DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-02423-8_6
G. M. Bahaa, “Fractional optimal control problem for variable-order differential systems,“ Fractional Calculus and Applied Analysis, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 1447—1470, 2017. DOI:10.1515/fca-2017-0076
Y. A. Amer et al., “Laplace transform method for solving nonlinear biochemical reaction model and nonlinear Emden Fowler system,“ Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 13, no. 17, pp. 7388-7394, 2018. DOI:10.3923/jeasci.2018.7388.7394
S. Hasan et al., “Solution of Fractional SIR Epidemic Model Using Residual Power Series Method,“ Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 153-161, 2019. DOI:10.18576/amis/130202
G. M. Bahaa, “Fractional optimal control problem for differential system with delay argument,“ Advances in Difference Equations, vol. 2017, no. 1, p. 69, 2017. DOI:10.1186/s13662-017-1121-6
G. M. Bahaa, “Fractional optimal control problem for variational inequalities with control constraints,“ IMA Journal of Mathematical Control and Information, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 107–122, 2016. DOI:10.1093/imamci/dnw040
A. Abdelrazec and D. Pelinovsky, “Convergence of the Adomian decomposition method for initial-value problems,“ Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 749–766, 2011. DOI:10.1002/num.20549
S. Bhatter et al., “Determining glucose supply in blood using the incomplete I-function,“ Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics, vol. 10, p. 100729, 2024. DOI:10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100729
S. Kumawat, “Comparative implementation of fractional blood alcohol model by numerical approach,“ Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 11–19, 2024. DOI:10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.2024055033
Shyamsunder, S. D. Purohit, and D. L. Suthar, “A novel investigation of the influence of vaccination on pneumonia disease,“ International Journal of Biomathematics, p. 2450080, 2024. DOI:10.1142/S1793524524500803
M. Meena et al., “A novel fractionalized investigation of tuberculosis disease,“ Applied Mathematics in Science and Engineering, vol. 32, no. 1, 2024. DOI:10.1080/27690911.2024.2351229
Shyamsunder and S. D. Purohit, “A novel study of the impact of vaccination on pneumonia via fractional approach,“ Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics, vol. 10, p. 100698, 2024. DOI:10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100698
S. Bhatter et al., “A study of incomplete I-functions relating to certain fractional integral operators,“ Applied Mathematics in Science and Engineering, vol. 31, no. 1, 2023. DOI:10.1080/27690911.2023.2252996
M. Meena, M. Purohit, and Shyamsunder, “Mathematical analysis using fractional operator to study the dynamics of dengue fever,“ Physica Scripta, vol. 99, no. 9, p. 095206, 2024. DOI:10.1088/1402-4896/ad671b
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37905/jjbm.v5i2.25956
Copyright (c) 2024 Akeem Olarewaju Yunus, Morufu Oyedunsi Olayiwola, Adewole Mukaila Ajileye

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Jambura Journal of Biomathematics (JJBM) has been indexed by:
             EDITORIAL OFFICE OF JAMBURA JOURNAL OF BIOMATHEMATICS |
 ![]() | Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo Jl. Prof. Dr. Ing. B. J. Habibie, Moutong, Tilongkabila, Kabupaten Bone Bolango 96554, Gorontalo, Indonesia |
 ![]() | Email: editorial.jjbm@ung.ac.id |
 ![]() | +6281356190818 (Call/SMS/WA) |
 ![]() | Jambura Journal of Biomathematics (JJBM) by Department of Mathematics Universitas Negeri Gorontalo is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.  Powered by Public Knowledge Project OJS. |