Investigating Problem-Based Learning Model’s Impact on Student’s Critical Thinking Skills in Environmental Conservation Context

Ahmad Irfan Ardiansyah, Alfyananda Kurnia Putra, Natalia Nikitina

Abstract


In the educational context of the 21st century, where critical thinking and problem-solving are essential skills, the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model offers numerous advantages. In contrast to traditional learning models that only focus on knowledge transfer, PBL encourages students to solve real environmental problems, promotes active learning, and encourages the development of critical thinking skills to solve complex global issues. Environmental issues such as global warming, pollution, and other issues require students' ability to integrate various information and analyze, synthesize, and formulate holistic and comprehensive solutions. This research discusses the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model and aims to determine its effect on students' critical thinking skills in discussions related to the environment. The type of research applied was a quasi-experiment with a non-equivalent control-group design pre-test and post-test and the experimental class subjects were 29 and the control class was 32 students as a result of cluster random sampling. Data were collected in the form of essay tests and observations and then analyzed to determine significant differences using the t-test. The results of this study show that there is a significant difference in critical thinking skills with a value of p = 0.004 < α 0.05 between the experimental class and the control class, where the experimental class gets a higher score of 71 compared to the control class of 61. In the event that learning involves interdisciplinary and abstract material such as environmental topics and aims to develop students' critical thinking skills, the PBL model can be a teacher's choice in implementing learning.

Keywords


Problem-Based Learning; Critical Thinking Development; Environmental Education

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abun, D., Magallanes, T., Encarnacion, M. J., Alkalde, F., & Somera, K. A. (2019). Investigation of Cognitive and Affective Attitude of Students toward Environment and Their Environmental Behavioural Intention to Join Environmental Movement and Energy Conservation. 3(6). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3780583

Affolderbach, J. (2022). Translating green economy concepts into practice: ideas pitches as learning tools for sustainability education. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 46(1), 43–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/03098265.2020.1849063

Ahmadi, R., Surbakti, A., & Jalmo, T. (2018). Hubungan Pengetahuan Lingkungan Hidup dengan Sikap Peduli Lingkungan Hidup (The Relationship between Environmental Knowledge and Environmental Care Attitude). Jurnal Bioterdidik: Wahana Ekspresi Ilmiah, 6(2). http://jurnal.fkip.unila.ac.id/index.php/JBT/article/view/15091

Ali, S. S. (2019). Problem Based Learning: A Student-Centered Approach. English Language Teaching, 12(5), 73. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v12n5p73

Ami̇n, S., Utaya, S., Bachri̇, S., Sumarmi̇, S., & Susi̇lo, S. (2020). Effect of Problem Based Learning on Critical Thinking Skill and Environmental Attitude. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 8(2), 743–755. https://doi.org/10.17478/jegys.650344

Anggraeni, D. M., Prahani, B. K., Suprapto, N., Shofiyah, N., & Jatmiko, B. (2023). Systematic review of problem based learning research in fostering critical thinking skills. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 49, 101334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2023.101334

Anilia, R., Heryanto, H., & Sunedi, S. (2023). Analisis Sikap Peduli Lingkungan Sebagai Sumber Belajar Siswa Kelas III SD Negeri 11 Tanjung Sakti Pumu (Analysis of Environmental Awareness as a Learning Resource for Third Grade Students at SD Negeri 11 Tanjung Sakti Pumu). Innovative: Journal of Social Science Research. 3(2), 11939–11948. https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v3i2.1799

Ariffin, F. N., & Ng, T. F. (2020). Understanding and Opinion on Sustainable Development Among Youths in Higher Educational Institutions in Penang, Malaysia. Social Indicators Research, 147(2), 421–437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-019-02165-1

Arifin, M. R., Arisanti, K., & Mufidah, N. Z. (2023). Analisis Karakter Peduli Lingkungan pada Siswa Madrasah Ibtidaiyah dalam Mewujudkan Sekolah Bersih dan Sehat (Character Analysis of Environmental Care in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Students in Realizing Clean and Healthy Schools). Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan (JISIP), 7(2), 1413-1420. http://dx.doi.org/10.58258/jisip.v7i2.4925

Arı, E., & Yılmaz, V. (2017). Effects of environmental illiteracy and environmental awareness among middle school students on environmental behavior. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 19(5), 1779–1793. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-016-9826-3

Artama, K. K. J., Budasi, I. G., & Ratminingsih, N. M. (2023). Promoting the 21st Century Skills Using Project-Based Learning. Language Circle: Journal of Language and Literature, 17(2), 325–332. https://doi.org/10.15294/lc.v17i2.39096

Aryanti, D. Y., Ulandari, S., & Nuro, A. S. (2023). Model Problem Based Learning di Sekolah Dasar dalam Kurikulum Merdeka (Problem Based Learning Model in Primary Schools under the Merdeka Curriculum). SNHRP, 5, 1915-1925. Retrieved from https://snhrp.unipasby.ac.id/prosiding/index.php/snhrp/article/view/762

Baan, A. (2023). What Teachers Need in Implementing Environmental-Based Learning in The Elementary School. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Publik, 13(1), 253. https://doi.org/10.26858/jiap.v13i1.46544

Bashith, A., & Amin, S. (2017). The Effect of Problem Based Learning on EFL Students’ Critical Thinking Skill and Learning Outcome. Al-Ta Lim Journal, 24(2), 93–102. https://doi.org/10.15548/jt.v24i2.271

Butler, M. (2022). Interdisciplinary experiential learning during COVID-19: Lessons learned and reflections for the future. Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 12(2), 369–377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13412-021-00734-w

Cayetano-Jiménez, I. U., Bustamante-Bello, R., & Ramírez-Cadena, M. (2024). Bridging the gap: Bioinspired robotics as catalyst for interdisciplinary education. Frontiers in Education, 9, 1375487. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1375487

Cássia Silva De Oliveira, R. De, & Behnken, S. (2024). Use of a systematic literature review to support problem-based learning and clinical professional skills at a public medical university in the Brazilian Amazon. Educación Médica, 25(4), 100932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edumed.2024.100932

Cendikia, M. R., Astutik, S., Pangastuti, E. I., Kurnianto, F. A., & Apriyanto, B. (2023). Kontribusi Pengetahuan Lingkungan Hidup terhadap Pembentukan Sikap Peduli Lingkungan pada Siswa Kelas XII IPS Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Jember (Contribution of Environmental Knowledge to the Formation of Environmental Care Attitudes in XII Social Class Students of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Jember). MAJALAH PEMBELAJARAN GEOGRAFI, 6(1), 30. https://doi.org/10.19184/pgeo.v6i1.37611

Chueh, H.-E., & Kao, C.-Y. (2024). Exploring the impact of integrating problem based learning and agile in the classroom on enhancing professional competence. Heliyon, 10(3), e24887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24887

Diquito, T. J., Franco, A. S., & Caballes, M. E. (2024). Problem-based Learning (PBL) Using Resource Mining as a Teaching Approach: An Action Research. Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Science, 1(2), 10–18. https://doi.org/10.69739/jahss.v1i2.74

Eze, I. F., Iwu, C. G., & Dubihlela, J. (2022). Lecturers’ perspectives concerning the variables that hinder critical thinking development in the classroom. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), 11(10), 341–349. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i10.2232

Facione, P. A., & Facione, N. C. (2013). Critical Thinking for Life: Valuing, Measuring, and Training Critical Thinking in All Its Forms. Inquiry: Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines, 28(1), 5–25. https://doi.org/10.5840/inquiryct20132812

Faize, F. A., & Akhtar, M. (2020). Addressing Environmental Knowledge and Environmental Attitude in Undergraduate Students Through Scientific Argumentation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 252, 119928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119928

Ghasemi, A., & Zahediasl, S. (2012). Normality Tests for Statistical Analysis: A Guide for Non-Statisticians. International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10(2), 486–489. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.3505

Handley, M. A., Lyles, C. R., McCulloch, C., & Cattamanchi, A. (2024). Selecting and Improving Quasi-Experimental Designs in Effectiveness and Implementation Research. Annual Review of Public Health, 39(1), 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-014128

Handoko, S. T., & Hamidi, M. F. (2023). Upaya Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Materi Konsep Dasar Geografi Menggunakan Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Cooperative Tipe Jigsaw Pada Kelas 10 (Fase E) Di SMA Negeri 5 Surakarta (Efforts to Improve Learning Outcomes of Basic Concepts of Geography Using the Application of the Jigsaw Type Cooperative Learning Model in Class 10 (Phase E) at SMA Negeri 5 Surakarta). GEADIDAKTIKA, 3(2), 208. https://doi.org/10.20961/gea.v3i2.78772

Harris, A. D., McGregor, J. C., Perencevich, E. N., Furuno, J. P., Zhu, J., Peterson, D. E., & Finkelstein, J. (2006). The Use and Interpretation of Quasi-Experimental Studies in Medical Informatics. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 13(1), 16–23. https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.M1749

Hill, S., & Griswold, P. (2013). Potential for Collaborative Writing in Professional Communication and Health Studies Through Service-Learning. Business Communication Quarterly, 76(1), 54–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/1080569912470711

Hsieh, H. C. L. (2020). Integration of Environmental Sustainability Issues into the “Game Design Theory and Practice†Design Course. Sustainability, 12(16), 6334. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166334

Ichinose, T. (2024). The Possibility of Problem-Based Learning Targeted Toward SDGs to Undertake Transformative Actions for Sustainability. In J. C.-K. Lee & K. J. Kennedy, The Routledge International Handbook of Life and Values Education in Asia (1st ed., pp. 460–475). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003352471-59

Islam, Md. A., Haji Mat Said, S. B., Umarlebbe, J. H., Sobhani, F. A., & Afrin, S. (2022). Conceptualization of head-heart-hands model for developing an effective 21st century teacher. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 968723. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.968723

Isro, A. L., Anggraito, Y. U., & Bintari, S. H. (2021). Description of Students’ Critical Thinking Skills in Integrated PjBL STEM Learning Environmental Change Material. Journal of Innovative Science Education, 10(3). https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/jise/article/view/43920

Jiann-Wen, H., & Liao, Y.-M. (2024). Application of Problem-Based Learning in Marketing Studies Combined with Silver-Haired Business Opportunities. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 101571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2024.101571

Kamilah, I., & Fikroh, R. A. (2022). Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Kimia SMA/MA Materi Hidrokarbon dan Minyak Bumi Berwawasan Lingkungan Hidup (Development of High School Chemistry Learning Modules on Hydrocarbons and Petroleum based on Environmental Knowledge). JTC-RE: Journal of Tropical Chemistry Research and Education, 4(1), 45–54. https://doi.org/10.14421/jtcre.2022.41-05

Kerimbayev, N., Umirzakova, Z., Shadiev, R., & Jotsov, V. (2023). A student-centered approach using modern technologies in distance learning: a systematic review of the literature. Smart Learning Environments, 10(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-023-00280-8

Khoiri, A., Sunarno, W., Sajidan, S., & Sukarmin, S. (2021). Analysing Students’ Environmental Awareness Profile Using Strategic Environmental Assessment. F1000Research, 10, 305. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.51523.2

Koning, A. J. (2014). Homogeneity of Variances. In R. S. Kenett, N. T. Longford, W. W. Piegorsch, & F. Ruggeri (Eds.), Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online (1st ed.). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118445112.stat03889

Kusumawardani, W., & Aminatun, T. (2024). PBL in Blended Learning Design to Increase Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving Skills. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(6), 3303–3308. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i6.7052

Li, F., Luo, J., & Zhang, H. (2024). The Application of Problem-Based Learning Combined With Case-Based Learning in EEG Teaching. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development, 11, 23821205241252276. https://doi.org/10.1177/23821205241252277

Liu, Y., & Pásztor, A. (2022). Effects of problem-based learning instructional intervention on critical thinking in higher education: A meta-analysis. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 45, 101069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101069

Lozano, R., Merrill, M., Sammalisto, K., Ceulemans, K., & Lozano, F. (2017). Connecting Competences and Pedagogical Approaches for Sustainable Development in Higher Education: A Literature Review and Framework Proposal. Sustainability, 9(10), 1889. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9101889

Lu, Y.-C. A. (2024). Enhancing Engagement and Achievement in Nursing Education: The Effect of Combining Online PBL and Design Thinking on Student Motivation and Satisfaction – A Qualitative Analysis. In G. Strudwick, N. R. Hardiker, G. Rees, R. Cook, & Y. J. Lee (Eds.), Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press. https://doi.org/10.3233/SHTI240122

Mariappan, L. (2023). Empowering Passive Learners: Enhancing the Teaching and Learning Process with Scenario-Based Learning. The English Teacher, 52(2), 72–83. https://doi.org/10.52696/ICLL3481

Marques, R., & Xavier, C. R. (2020). The Challenges and Difficulties of Teachers in the Insertion and Practice of Environmental Education in the School Curriculum. 2(1). https://www.ijonses.net/index.php/ijonses/article/view/30

Meek, H. (2020). Problem-Based Learning for Students with Learning Disabilities in Science Classrooms. Learning to Teach Language Arts, Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies Through Research and Practice, 9(1). https://openjournals.utoledo.edu/index.php/learningtoteach/article/view/402

Mustafa, F., Zia, S., & Khizar, U. (2021). Impact of Environmental Concerns on Environmental Attitudes among University Employees. IRASD Journal of Economics, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.52131/joe.2021.0303.0041

Nisa, E., & Wulandari, F. (2019). Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning terhadap Self-Confident dan Hasil Belajar Siswa (The Effect of Problem Based Learning Model on Self-Confident and Student Learning Outcomes). Proceedings of the ICECRS, 2, 195. https://doi.org/10.21070/picecrs.v2i1.2387

Nuralawiah, T., Fitriyana, F., & Ramlah, R. (2021). OTG FD DAN G-WORLDEDU BAGI GENERASI Z YANG KEKINIAN (OTG FD AND G-WORLDEDU FOR TODAY’S GENERATION Z). Prosiding Sesiomadika, 1(1b). Retrieved from https://journal.unsika.ac.id/index.php/sesiomadika/article/view/2106

Nurhidayati, N., Asrori, I., Ahsanuddin, M., & Dariyadi, M. W. (2019). Pembuatan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Powerpoint Dan Pemanfaatan Aplikasi Android Untuk Guru Bahasa Arab (Development of Powerpoint-Based Learning Media and Utilization of Android Applications for Arabic Language Teachers). Jurnal KARINOV, 2(3), 181. https://doi.org/10.17977/um045v2i3p181-184

Nurmalasari, S., Hendayana, S., & Supriatna, A. (2022). Using Transcript Based Lesson Analysis to Analyze Students’ Critical Thinking Skills on Hydrostatic Pressure. Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA, 23(2), 519–528. https://doi.org/10.23960/jpmipa/v23i2.pp519-528

Palwe, S. (2022). Check Solve Pass: A new technique for Student Centric Learning. Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, 35(S1), 299–302. https://doi.org/10.16920/jeet/2022/v35is1/22043

Parry, S., & Metzger, E. (2023). Barriers to Learning for Sustainability: a Teacher Perspective. Sustainable Earth Reviews, 6(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42055-022-00050-3

Peepliwal, A. K. (2024). Randomization, bias, and blinding. In Clinical Trial Project Management (pp. 157–176). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-13627-6.00016-0

Piscitelli, A., & D’Uggento, A. M. (2022). Do young people really engage in sustainable behaviors in their lifestyles? Social Indicators Research, 163(3), 1467–1485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-022-02955-0

Pozo-Muñoz, M. P., Martín-Gámez, C., Velasco-Martínez, L. C., & Tójar-Hurtado, J. C. (2023). Research and Development of Environmental Awareness about Water in Primary Education Students through Their Drawings. Education Sciences, 13(2), 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13020119

Purwanti, D., & Arif Musadad, A. (2019). The Effect of Local-Based 2013 Curriculum Implementation on Students’ Environmental Awareness. International Journal of Educational Research Review, 4(1), 65-75. https://doi.org/10.24331/ijere.486241

Putri, C. N. D., Sedyati, R. N., & Zulianto, M. (2023). Students’ collaboration and communication skills with problem-based learning model. Jurnal Inovasi Dan Teknologi Pembelajaran, 10(3), 225. https://doi.org/10.17977/um031v10i32023p225

Putri, Y. N., Ain, N., & Pranata, K. B. (2022). Development of Comic-Based Physics Modules to Improve Students’ Critical Thinking Ability on Vibration and Wave Materials. Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Dan Teknologi, 8(2), 146–156. https://doi.org/10.29303/jpft.v8i2.4207

Quoquab, F., & Mohammad, J. (2020). Cognitive, Affective and Conative Domains of Sustainable Consumption: Scale Development and Validation Using Confirmatory Composite Analysis. Sustainability, 12(18), 7784. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187784

Rachman, I., Soesanto, Q. M. B., Matsumoto, T., & Septiana, A. I. (2021). The Implementation of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) for Environmental Education in Elementary Schools: Case Study of Malang City in East Java. 5th Asian Education Symposium 2020 (AES 2020), Bandung, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210715.067

Rahman, S., Anwar, S., & Khairani, K. (2022). Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 dalam Pembelajaran Geografi sebagai Bagian Salah Satu Dasar Pembentukan Karakter Bangsa (Implementation of the 2013 Curriculum in Geography Learning as One of the Basis of National Character Building). Journal on Education, 4(2), 844–851. https://doi.org/10.31004/joe.v4i2.497

Ramalingam, S., Yunus, M. M., & Hashim, H. (2021). Exploring ESL learners’ blended learning experiences and its’ effectiveness through web-based technologies. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 10(4), 1436. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i4.21465

Riess, W., Martin, M., Mischo, C., Kotthoff, H.-G., & Waltner, E.-M. (2022). How Can Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) Be Effectively Implemented in Teaching and Learning? An Analysis of Educational Science Recommendations of Methods and Procedures to Promote ESD Goals. Sustainability, 14(7), 3708. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14073708

Rinasari, W., & Sriyanto, S. (2022). Model Pembelajaran Kurikulum 2013 untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar IPS (The 2013 Curriculum Learning Model to Increase Motivation to Learn Social Studies). Proceedings Series on Social Sciences & Humanities, 3, 633–638. https://doi.org/10.30595/pssh.v3i.353

Rindha, N. R. (2020). The Importance of Environmental Materials in the Indonesian Language Learning Process. Open Science Framework. https://osf.io/zkdbe

Ristanto, R., Sabrina, A., & Komala, R. (2022). Critical Thinking Skills of Environmental Changes: A Biological Instruction Using Guided Discovery Learning-Argument Mapping (GDL-AM). Participatory Educational Research, 9(1), 173–191. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.22.10.9.1

Samadun, S., & Dwikoranto, D. (2022). Improvement of Student’s Critical Thinking Ability in Physics Materials Through The Application of Problem-Based Learning. IJORER : International Journal of Recent Educational Research, 3(5), 534–545. https://doi.org/10.46245/ijorer.v3i5.247

Sartika, S. H., Puspitasari, E., & Suherti, H. (2024). Improving high school student learning outcomes: Using problem-based learning model. Educenter : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 3(2), 92–101. https://doi.org/10.55904/educenter.v3i2.1168

Sato, T. (2022). Assessing critical thinking through L2 argumentative essays: an investigation of relevant and salient criteria from raters’ perspectives. Language Testing in Asia, 12(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40468-022-00159-4

Selamat, I. K. (2023). Pengaplikasian Pembelajaran Kontekstual berbasis Problem-Based Learning dalam Pembelajaran IPS untuk mengembangan Sikap Peduli Lingkungan (Application of Contextual Learning based on Problem-Based Learning in Social Studies to Develop Environmental Care Attitude). Media Komunikasi FPIPS, 22(2), 107–114. https://doi.org/10.23887/mkfis.v22i2.56366

Siedlecki, S. L. (2020). Quasi-Experimental Research Designs. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 34(5), 198–202. https://doi.org/10.1097/NUR.0000000000000540

Smith, K., Maynard, N., Berry, A., Stephenson, T., Spiteri, T., Corrigan, D., Mansfield, J., Ellerton, P., & Smith, T. (2022). Principles of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in STEM Education: Using Expert Wisdom and Research to Frame Educational Practice. Education Sciences, 12(10), 728. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12100728

Solikhin, M., & Fauziah, A. N. M. (2021). Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMP pada Pelajaran IPA saat Pembelajaran Daring Selama Pandemi Covid – 19 (Analysis of Critical Thinking Skills of Junior High School Students in Science Lessons in Online Learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic). Pensa E-Jurnal: Pendidikan Sains, 9(2). https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/pensa/article/view/38060

Somantri, L., & Ridwana, D. R. (2021). Model Pembelajaran Penginderaan Jauh di Sekolah Menengah Atas (Remote Sensing Learning Model in Senior High School). Jurnal Geografi, Edukasi, Dan Lingkungan, 5(2), 109–117. https://doi.org/10.22236/jgel.v5i2.6890.

Sukma, E., Ramadhan, S., & Indriyani, V. (2020). Integration of Environmental Education in Elementary Schools. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1481(1), 012136. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1481/1/012136

Sumarmi, S., Kurnia Putra, A., & Tanjung, A. (2023). Developing Digital Natural Laboratory Based on Edutourism for Environmental Geography. TEM Journal, 224–232. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM121-29

Suwastini, N. K. A., Puspawati, N. W. N., Adnyani, N. L. P. S., Dantes, G. R., & Rusnalasari, Z. D. (2021). Problem-based learning and 21st-century skills: Are they compatible? EduLite: Journal of English Education, Literature and Culture, 6(2), 326. https://doi.org/10.30659/e.6.2.326-340

Tejedor, G., Segalà s, J., Barrón, Ã., Fernández-Morilla, M., Fuertes, M., Ruiz-Morales, J., Gutiérrez, I., García-González, E., Aramburuzabala, P., & Hernández, À. (2019). Didactic Strategies to Promote Competencies in Sustainability. Sustainability, 11(7), 2086. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11072086

Tian, H. (2021). Comparative and Development of Network Information Teaching and Traditional Teaching Methods. 2021 4th International Conference on Information Systems and Computer Aided Education, 1289–1293. https://doi.org/10.1145/3482632.3483135

Usman, A., Munandar, K., & Utomo, A. P. (2024). How can PBL promote critical thinking skills in biology material? A systematic literature review in reputable journals. Research and Development in Education (RaDEn), 4(1), 450–464. https://doi.org/10.22219/raden.v4i1.32401

Warni, K., Wulandari, F., & Sumarli, S. (2022). Analisis Sikap Peduli Lingkungan Siswa Sekolah Dasar (Analysis of Environmental Care Attitudes of Elementary School Students). Jurnal Basicedu, 6(2), 1645–1651. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v6i2.2197

Wicaksono, B., & Widiyaningrum, P. (2020). Efektivitas Simulasi Drama Materi Sistem Pernafasan Terhadap Hasil Belajar dan Sikap Kreatif Siswa (Effectiveness of Drama Simulation of Respiratory System Material on Student Learning Outcomes and Creative Attitudes). Phenomenon : Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA, 10(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.21580/phen.2020.10.1.4084

World Economic Forum. (2023). The Global Risk Report 2023 18th Edition. Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/publications/global-risks-report-2023/

Yu, L., & Zin, Z. M. (2023). The critical thinking-oriented adaptations of problem-based learning models: a systematic review. Frontiers in Education, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1139987




DOI: https://doi.org/10.37905/jgej.v5i2.26110

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Authors

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                                 JournalStories Main logo s
aya: