Geographical Inquiry: Learning Model to Empower Students' Spatial Citizenship in Higher Education

Singgih Prihadi; Novika Adi Wibowo

doi:10.37905/jgej.v6i2.31296

Geographical Inquiry: Learning Model to Empower Students' Spatial Citizenship in Higher Education

Singgih Prihadi, Novika Adi Wibowo

Abstract

This research was initiated by the lack of spatial citizenship in geography learning from secondary to tertiary levels, even though this is crucial for becoming citizens with a spatial perspective. This study aims to develop an effective geography learning model to improve students' spatial citizenship. This study used the design-based research method, which has four stages: analysis of practical problems, design development, implementation, evaluation, and reflection. The research subjects were 250 students of Geography Education at Sebelas Maret University for needs analysis and 27 for product effectiveness testing. Data collection techniques were classroom observation, in-depth interviews, tests, expert judgment, and focus group discussions, testing the effectiveness using a one-group pretest-posttest design. The data analysis technique at the practical problem analysis stage was a constant comparative method. The geographical inquiry model is efficacious in improving students' spatial citizenship skills. Calculation of the paired sample t-test shows the value of Sig. (2-tailed) <0.05, so there are differences in learning outcomes using the geographical inquiry model in improving spatial citizenship skills. This geographic inquiry model effectively provides essential steps in conducting geographic inquiries to solve problems using geospatial data sources. This study concludes that if geographical inquiry is applied appropriately and comprehensively in geography education at the university level, it will provide students with the skills to become good citizens from a spatial perspective. For further research, it is hoped that applying the geographical inquiry model with a deep learning approach to geography learning can be studied

Keywords

geographical inquiry; geography learning; spatial citizenship

Full Text:

PDF

References

Akker, Jan van den, Brenda Banan, Anthomy E.Kelly, Nienke Nieveen, T. P. (2013). Educational Design Research. Netherlands Institute for Curriculum Development: SLO. http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/recordDetail?accno=EJ815766

Bearman, N., Jones, N., André, I., Cachinho, H. A., & DeMers, M. (2016). The future role of GIS education in creating critical spatial thinkers. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 40(3), 394–408. https://doi.org/10.1080/03098265.2016.1144729

Boelens, R., De Wever, B., and Voet, M. (2017). Four Key Challenges to The Design of Blended Learning: A Systematic Literature Review. Educational Research Review, 22, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2017.06.001

Duarte, L., Teodoro, A. C., and Gonçalves, H. (2022). Evaluation of Spatial Thinking Ability Based on Exposure to Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Concepts in the Context of Higher Education. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 11(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11080417

E. Shin, E. (2019). Spatial Citizenship Education Citizenship through Geography. Routledge.

Euikyung E. Shin, S. W. B. (2019). Spatial Citizenship Education: Citizenship Through Geography. Routledge.

Ford, C., McNally, D. and Ford, K. (2017). Using Design-Based Research in Higher Education Innovation. Online Learning, 21(3), 50–67. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v%vi%i.1232

Gomez, M. V. (2022). Open Higher Education for Refugees to Access: Virtual Learning in the Covid-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Instruction, 15(2), 715–736. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2022.15239a

Gryl, I., and Jekel, T. (2012). Re-centring geoinformation in secondary education: Toward a spatial citizenship approach. Cartographica, 47(1), 18–28. https://doi.org/10.3138/carto.47.1.18

Hadiguna, R. A., Kamil, I., Delati, A., and Reed, R. (2014). Implementing A Web-Based Decision Support System for Disaster Logistics: A Case Study of An Evacuation Location Assessment for Indonesia. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 9, 38–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.02.004

Handayani, N., Aw, S., Zamroni, Imanita, M., Setiawan, J., and Fadli, M. R. (2024). Development of higher order thinking skill assessment instruments in social studies learning. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education , 13(2), 923–933. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v13i2.26448

Hariadi, B., Jatmiko, B., Sunarto, M. J. D., Prahani, B. K., Sagirani, T., Amelia, T., and Lemantara, J. (2022). Higher Order Thinking Skills Based Learning Outcomes Improvement with Blended Web Mobile Learning Model. International Journal of Instruction, 15(2), 565–578. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2022.15231a

Horlings, L. G., Lamker, C., Puerari, E., Rauws, W., and van der Vaart, G. (2021). Citizen engagement in spatial planning, shaping places together. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/su131911006

Jo, I., and Bednarz, S. W. (2009). Evaluating geography textbook questions from a spatial perspective: Using concepts of space, tools of representation, and cognitive processes to evaluate spatiality. Journal of Geography, 108(1), 4–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221340902758401

Kenyon, E. (2019). Troubled belonging: Lived Experience and The Responsibility of Citizenship. Journal of Social Studies Research, 43(1), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssr.2018.01.005

Kim, M., and Bednarz, R. (2013). Development of Critical Spatial Thinking Through GIS Learning. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 37(3), 350–366. https://doi.org/10.1080/03098265.2013.769091

Krause, U., Béneker, T., and van Tartwijk, J. (2022). Geography textbook tasks fostering thinking skills for the acquisition of powerful knowledge. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 31(1), 69–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/10382046.2021.1885248

Krause, U., Béneker, T., van Tartwijk, J., and Maier, V. (2021). Curriculum contexts, recontextualisation and attention for higher-order thinking. London Review of Education, 19(1), 0–17. https://doi.org/10.14324/LRE.19.1.24

Langran, E., and Baker, T. R. (2016). Geospatial Technologies in Teacher Education: A Brief Overview. In Contemporary Issues in Technology & Teacher Education (Vol. 16, Issue 3). Waynesville, NC USA: Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education.

Lee, D. M. (2020). Cultivating Preservice Geography Teachers’ Awareness of Geography Using Story Maps. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 44(3), 387–405. https://doi.org/10.1080/03098265.2019.1700487

Maddatuang, Bahri, A., and Tabbu, M. A. S. (2025). the Impact of Digital Literacy and Disaster Mitigation Understanding on Computational and Spatial Thinking Ability in Upper Secondary School Students. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 24(2), 312–325. https://doi.org/10.33225/jbse/25.24.312

Melgarejo, L. F., and Lakes, T. (2014). Urban Adaptation Planning and Climate-Related Disasters: An Integrated Assessment of Public Infrastructure Serving as Temporary Shelter During River Floods in Colombia. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 9, 147–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.05.002

Mukminan. (2018). Dimensions and Factors of Contemporary Geography Learning Climate at Senior High School. Indonesian Journal of Geography, 50(1), 78–86. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijg.34567

Prihadi, Singgih., Sajidan., Siswandari., Sugiyanto. (2021). Students Spatial Thinking Ability on Online Geography Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic. The 5th International Conference on Learning Innovation and Quality Education “Literacy, Globalization, and Technology of Education Quality for Preparing the Society 5.0,” September. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1145/3516875.3516903

Prihadi, S., Sajidan., Siswandari., & Sugiyanto. (2023). The Effectiveness of SIHyL (Spatial Inquiry Hybrid Learning) Model in Improving Students’ Spatial Citizenship in Geographic Learning. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 13(4), 634–642. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2023.13.4.1847

Purwanto, Hamdan, A., Putra, A. K., Aripriharta, Tan, I., and Farihah, S. N. (2024). Geo-Virtual Reality (GVR): The creative materials to construct spatial thinking skills using virtual learning based metaverse technology. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 54(November 2023), 101664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2024.101664

Putra, A. K., Sumarmi, Deffinika, I., and Islam, M. N. (2021). The effect of blended project-based learning with stem approach to spatial thinking ability and geographic skill. International Journal of Instruction, 14(3), 685–704. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2021.14340a

Robillos, R. J. (2022). Impact of LoiLooNote Digital Mapping on University Students’ Oral Presentation Skills and Critical Thinking Dispositions. International Journal of Instruction, 15(2), 501–518. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2022.15228a

Rock, A. E. (2022). Bringing geography to the community: community-based learning and the geography classroom. GeoJournal, 87(s2), 235–247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-021-10408-3

Schulze, U., Gryl, I., and Kanwischer, D. (2015). Spatial Citizenship Education and Digital Geomedia: Composing Competences for Teacher Education and Training. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 39(3), 369–385. https://doi.org/10.1080/03098265.2015.1048506

Segara, N. B., Maryani, E., Supriatna, N., and Ruhimat, M. (2018). Investigated the Implementation of Map Literacy Learning Model. Geosfera Indonesia, 3(2), 146. https://doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v3i2.7808

Shin, E. E., & Bednarz, S. (2019). Spatial citizenship education : citizenship through geography (p. 177). Routledge.

Silviariza, W. Y., Sumarmi, and Handoyo, B. (2020). Using of Spatial Problem Based Learning (SPBL) model in geography education for developing critical thinking skills. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 8(3), 1045–1060. https://doi.org/10.17478/JEGYS.737219

Sinton, D. S. (2017). Critical Spatial Thinking. In International Encyclopedia of Geography: People, the Earth, Environment and Technology (pp. 1–9). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118786352.wbieg0706

Solari, O. M., Demirci, A., and Van Der Schee Editors, J. (2015). Geospatial Technologies and Geography Education in a Changing World. Springer. http://www.springer.com/series/13113

Tomaszewski, B., Walker, A., Gawlik, E., Lane, C., Williams, S., Orieta, D., McDaniel, C., Plummer, M., Nair, A., Jose, N. S., Terrell, N., Pecsok, K., Thomley, E., Mahoney, E., Haberlack, E., & Schwartz, D. (2020). Supporting disaster resilience spatial thinking with serious GeoGames: Project Lily Pad. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 9(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9060405

Tomčíková, I. (2020). Implementation of Inquiry-Based Education in Geography Teaching-Findings about Teachers´AttitudesTeachers´Attitudes. Review of International Geographical Education (RIGEO), 10(4), 533–548. https://doi.org/10.33403rigeo.791713

Virranmäki, E., Valta-Hulkkonen, K., and Pellikka, A. (2021). Geography Curricula Objectives and Students’ Performance: Enhancing the Student’s Higher-Order Thinking Skills? Journal of Geography, 120(3), 97–107. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221341.2021.1877330

von Reumont, F., and Budke, A. (2021). Spatial Thinking With Comics in Geography Education. Frontiers in Education, 6(August), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.702738

Wahelo, T. T., Mengistu, D. A., and Merawi, T. M. (2025). Geography teachers’ implementation of problem-based learning for deforestation and climate change education in Metekel Zone Secondary Schools, Northwest, Ethiopia. International Journal of Educational Development, 117(May), 103314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2025.103314

Wakabayashi, Y., and Ishikawa, T. (2011). Spatial thinking in geographic information science: A review of past studies and prospects for the future. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 21(November), 304–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.07.031

Wijayanto, B., Sumarmi, Utomo, D. H., Handoyo, B., and Aliman, M. (2023). Problem-Based Learning Using E-Module: Does It Effect on Student’S High Order Thinking and Learning Interest in Studying Geography? Journal of Technology and Science Education, 13(3), 613–631. https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.1965

Wilby, R. L., and Esson, J. (2024). AI literacy in geographic education and research: Capabilities, caveats, and criticality. Geographical Journal, 190(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12548

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37905/jgej.v6i2.31296