Fear effect in discrete prey-predator model incorporating square root functional response

P.K. Santra

Abstract


In this work, an interaction between prey and its predator involving the effect of fear in presence of the predator and the square root functional response is investigated. Fixed points and their stability condition are calculated. The conditions for the occurrence of some phenomena namely Neimark-Sacker, Flip, and Fold bifurcations are given. Base on some hypothetical data, the numerical simulations consist of phase portraits and bifurcation diagrams are demonstrated to picturise the dynamical behavior. It is also shown numerically that rich dynamics are obtained by the discrete model as the effect of fear.


Keywords


Discrete prey-predator; Stability; Neimark-Sacker bifurcation; Flip bifurcation; Fold bifurcation; Fear effect

Full Text:

PDF

References


L. K. Beay and M. Saija, “Dynamics of a stage–structure Rosenzweig–MacArthur model with linear harvesting in prey and cannibalism in predator,” Jambura Journal of Biomathematics (JJBM), vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 42–50, 2021.

P. Majumdar, S. Debnath, S. Sarkar, and U. Ghosh, “The Complex Dynamical Behavior of a Prey-Predator Model with Holling Type-III Functional Response and Non-Linear Predator Harvesting,” International Journal of Modelling and Simulation, vol. 00, no. 00, pp. 1–18, 2021.

M. G. Mortuja, M. K. Chaube, and S. Kumar, “Dynamic analysis of a predator-prey system with nonlinear prey harvesting and square root functional response,” Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, vol. 148, p. 111071, 2021.

L. K. Beay and M. Saija, “A Stage-Structure Rosenzweig-MacArthur Model with Effect of Prey Refuge,” Jambura Journal of Biomathematics (JJBM), vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2020.

H. S. Panigoro, E. Rahmi, N. Achmad, and S. L. Mahmud, “The Influence of Additive Allee Effect and Periodic Harvesting to the Dynamics of Leslie-Gower Predator-Prey Model,” Jambura Journal of Mathematics, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 87–96, 2020.

H. S. Panigoro, A. Suryanto, W. M. Kusumawinahyu, and I. Darti, “A Rosenzweig–MacArthur model with continuous threshold harvesting in predator involving fractional derivatives with power law and mittag leffler kernel,” Axioms, vol. 9, no. 4, p. 122, 2020.

L. Dai, J. Wang, Y. Ni, and B. Xu, “Dynamical analysis of a new fractional-order predator–prey system with Holling type-III functional,” Advances in Difference Equations, vol. 2021, no. 1, 2021.

J. Alidousti and E. Ghafari, “Dynamic behavior of a fractional order prey-predator model with group defense,” Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, vol. 134, p. 109688, 2020.

Q. Din, “Complexity and chaos control in a discrete-time prey-predator model,” Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, vol. 49, pp. 113–134, 2017.

M. Zhao and Y. Du, “Stability of a discrete-time predator-prey system with Allee effect,” Nonlinear Analysis and Differential Equations, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 225–233, 2016.

P. K. Santra and G. S. Mahapatra, “Dynamical study of discrete-time prey–predator model with constant prey refuge under imprecise biological parameters,” Journal of Biological Systems, vol. 28, no. 03, pp. 681–699, 2020.

P. K. Santra, G. S. Mahapatra, and G. R. Phaijoo, “Bifurcation and chaos of a discrete predator-prey model with Crowley–Martin functional response incorporating proportional prey refuge,” Mathematical Problems in Engineering, vol. 2020, pp. 1–18, 2020.

H. S. Panigoro and E. Rahmi, “The Dynamics of a Discrete Fractional-Order Logistic Growth Model with Infectious Disease, ”Contemporary Mathematics and Applications, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–18, 2021.

A. Singh and P. Deolia, “Dynamical analysis and chaos control in discrete-time prey-predator model,” Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, vol. 90, p. 105313, 2020.

A. Q. Khan and T. Khalique, “Bifurcations and chaos control in a discrete-time biological model,” International Journal of Biomathematics, vol. 13, no. 04, p. 2050022, 2020.

P. Chakraborty, U. Ghosh, and S. Sarkar, “Stability and bifurcation analysis of a discrete prey–predator model with square-root functional response and optimal harvesting,” Journal of Biological Systems, vol. 28, no. 01, pp. 91–110, 2020.

P. Santra, “Discrete-time prey-predator model with q-logistic growth for prey incorporating square root functional response,” Jambura Journal of Biomathematics, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 41–48, 2020.

R. Ma, Y. Bai, and F. Wang, “Dynamical behavior analysis of a two-dimensional discrete predator-prey model with prey refuge and fear factor,” Journal of Applied Analysis and Computation, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1683–1697, 2020.

X. Wang, L. Zanette, and X. Zou, “Modelling the fear effect in predator–prey interactions,” Journal of Mathematical Biology, vol. 73, no. 5, pp. 1179–1204, 2016.

Z. Zhu, R. Wu, L. Lai, and X. Yu, “The influence of fear effect to the Lotka–Volterra predator–prey system with predator has other food resource,” Advances in Difference Equations, vol. 2020, no. 1, pp. 1–13, 2020.

D. Barman, J. Roy, H. Alrabaiah, P. Panja, S. P. Mondal, and S. Alam, “Impact of predator incited fear and prey refuge in a fractional order prey predator model,” Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, vol. 142, p. 110420, 2021.

E. I. Jury, Inners and stability of dynamic systems. Wiley, 1976.

S. N. Elaydi, Discrete chaos: with applications in science and engineering, 2nd ed. Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2007.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.34312/jjbm.v2i2.10444

Copyright (c) 2021 P.K. SANTRA

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.


Jambura Journal of Biomathematics (JJBM) has been indexed by:


                          EDITORIAL OFFICE OF JAMBURA JOURNAL OF BIOMATHEMATICS

 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo
Jl. Prof. Dr. Ing. B. J. Habibie, Moutong, Tilongkabila, Kabupaten Bone Bolango 96554, Gorontalo, Indonesia
 Email: editorial.jjbm@ung.ac.id
 +6281356190818 (Call/SMS/WA)
 Jambura Journal of Biomathematics (JJBM) by Department of Mathematics Universitas Negeri Gorontalo is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.  Powered by Public Knowledge Project OJS.

slot online slot gacor slot