Fear effect in discrete prey-predator model incorporating square root functional response

P.K. Santra

Abstract


In this work, an interaction between prey and its predator involving the effect of fear in presence of the predator and the square root functional response is investigated. Fixed points and their stability condition are calculated. The conditions for the occurrence of some phenomena namely Neimark-Sacker, Flip, and Fold bifurcations are given. Base on some hypothetical data, the numerical simulations consist of phase portraits and bifurcation diagrams are demonstrated to picturise the dynamical behavior. It is also shown numerically that rich dynamics are obtained by the discrete model as the effect of fear.


Keywords


Discrete prey-predator; Stability; Neimark-Sacker bifurcation; Flip bifurcation; Fold bifurcation; Fear effect

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.34312/jjbm.v2i2.10444

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