Sustainability of Community Social Resilience in Flood Disaster Mitigation and Adaptation for Global Flood-Prone Communities: Evidence from Kampar Regency, Riau, Indonesia

Arrahmah Dea Syamsaputri; Dedi Hermon

doi:10.37905/jgej.v6i2.33524

Sustainability of Community Social Resilience in Flood Disaster Mitigation and Adaptation for Global Flood-Prone Communities: Evidence from Kampar Regency, Riau, Indonesia

Arrahmah Dea Syamsaputri, Dedi Hermon

Abstract

As climate change intensifies and environmental degradation worsens, flooding has transformed from a seasonal event into a persistent and escalating threat. Rural areas are particularly vulnerable due to their limited adaptive capacity and fragile social structures. The increasing frequency and severity of floods underscore the urgent need for both structural reforms and the strengthening of community-based social systems. However, existing studies have not adequately addressed the research gaps, especially concerning how specific components of community social resilience contribute to effective flood disaster management in rural contexts. This study aims to fill that gap by analyzing the role of sustainable community social resilience in managing and adapting to flood disasters in Kampar Regency. The research employs the Rapid Appraisal for Resilience method and analyzes data using Multidimensional Scaling (MDS). It focuses on four key dimensions: social, education, health, and economics. Primary data were collected through interviews with 105 purposively selected respondents from flood-affected communities across 22 subdistricts in Kampar Regency. The results of the multidimensional sustainability index indicate an overall score of 49.06, categorizing the area as “less sustainable.” The dimension-specific scores were as follows: economic (50.29), social (46.08), health (50.10), and education (49.76). These results reveal uneven levels of community resilience, with economic and health dimensions showing slightly better outcomes than others. Tailored interventions addressing dimension-specific weaknesses are essential. Strengthening these localized aspects supports long-term strategies for disaster risk reduction and climate adaptation. This study underscores the importance of incorporating multidimensional assessments into local development planning to build resilience in flood-prone communities.

Keywords

Flood Mitigation; Kampar; Multidimensional Scaling; Resilience; Rapfish

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abunyewah, M., Erdiaw-kwasie, M. O., Asare, S., Thayaparan, G., Byrne, M., Lassa, J., Zander, K. K., Fatemi, N., & Maund, K. (2023). Influence of personal and collective social capital on flood preparedness and community resilience : Evidence from Old Fadama, Gana. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 94, 103790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103790

Alshammari, E., Rahman, A. A., Rainis, R., Seri, N. A., Fazeera, N., & Fuzi, A. (2023). The Impacts of Land Use Changes in Urban Hydrology , Runoff and Flooding : A Review. Current Urban Studies, 11(1), 120–141. https://doi.org/10.4236/cus.2023.111007

Azhar, M. (2022). Post Flood Economic Challenges , Resilience and Rehabilitation Strategies with Thematic Analysis Approach : A Case of Larnaka. Journal of Economics, Innovative Management and Entrepreneurship (JEIME), 2(1), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.59652/jeime.v2i2.201

Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana. (2024). Buku data bencana Indonesia tahun 2023. Pusat Data, Informasi, dan Komunikasi Kebencanaan. https://www.bnpb.go.id/buku/buku-data-bencana-indonesia-tahun-2023

Chaliluddin, M. A., Sundari, S., Rizwan, T., Zulfahmi, I., & Setiawan, I. (2023). Rapfish : A Rapid Appraisal Technique to Evaluate the Sustainability Status of Pelagic Fisheries in North Aceh Waters. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA), 9(45), 5603–5609. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i7.3841

Chen, Y., Liu, H., Lin, S., Wang, Y., Zhang, Q., & Feng, L. (2024). The Impact of Social Capital on Community Resilience : A Comparative Study of Seven Flood-Prone Communities. Land, 13(8), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081145

Darab, S., Hartman, Y., & Pittaway, E. E. (2021). Building Community Resilience : Lessons from Flood-affected Residents in a Regional Australian. The International Journal of Community and Social Development, 2(4), 414–432. https://doi.org/10.1177/2516602620981553

Deborah H. Kim APRN, MSN, C. (2016). Emergency Preparedness and the Development of Health Care Coalitions. Nursing Clinics of North America, 51(4), 545–554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnur.2016.07.013

Doorn, N., & Copeland, S. (2020). The concept of community resilience explored: How to account for responsibilities? 1–3. https://philarchive.org/rec/DOOTCO-12

Emam, A. R., Mishra, B. K., Kumar, P., Masago, Y., & Fukushi, K. (2016). Impact Assessment of Climate and Land-Use Changes on Flooding Behavior in the Upper Ciliwung River, Jakarta, Indonesia. Water (MDPI), 8(12), 559. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8120559

Fatmawati, A., Meidiana, C., Brawijaya, U., City, M., & Java, E. (2024). Factors Affecting The City ’ S Resilience To Flood Disaster In. Jurnal Tata Kota Dan Daerah, 15(2), 191–197. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.takoda.2023.015.02.10

Gyawali, N., Devkota, D., Chaudhary, P., Chhetri, A., & Devkota, N. R. (2020). Role of social capital on flood resilience capacity: Evidence analysis from Susta, Nawalparasi Paschim, Nepal. Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, 4(1), 61–66. https://doi.org/10.3126/jafu.v4i1.47046

Hermon, D. (2024). Characteristics of community adaptive resilience in overcoming the hazards of flood disaster in Kampar Regency, Indonesia. International Journal of Geomate (Geomate Journal), 13(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.21660/2024.4646

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2023). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157896

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. (2024). Managing Leveraging Finance for Business Flood Risk Resilience in Malaysia. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/malaysia/publication/flood-risk-management-leveraging-finance-for-business-resilience-in-malaysia

Ivanova, D., & Büchs, M. (2022). Implications of shrinking household sizes for meeting the 1 . 5 ◦ C climate targets. Ecological Economics, 202, 107590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.107590

Kaushik, R., Parida, Y., & Naik, R. (2011). Human development and disaster mortality: evidence from India. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03353-2

Kelcey, J., Akar, B., & Bouvier, M. (2024). Evidence for system transformation: Education resilience. Global Partnership for Education. https://www.globalpartnership.org/content/evidence-system-transformation-education-resilience

Liu, C.-F., & Mostafavi, A. (2025). Network dynamics of community resilience and recovery: New frontier in disaster research. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2502.18730

Madinatunnisa, L., Adiputra, A., & Hidayat, I. (2025). Analysis of Social Conditions of Heavy Slum Settlement Communities in Kapuk Village , Cengkareng District , West Jakarta. European Journal of Sustainable Development Research, 6(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.37905/jgej.v6i1.26491

Masocha, W., Takaidza, N., Manyani, A., & Mutseekwa, C. (2025). Disaster risk reduction integration into school curriculum : A global analysis. European Journal of Sustainable Development Research, 9(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejosdr/15820

Melchior, A., & Hsieh, C.-M. (2023). Analyzing differences in flood resilience between Japan, Indonesia, and Taiwan using social capital theory. FFTC Agricultural Policy Platform. https://ap.fftc.org.tw/article/3306

Norris, F. H., Stevens, S. P., Pfefferbaum, B., Wyche, K. F., & Pfefferbaum, R. L. (2008). Community Resilience as a Metaphor , Theory , Set of Capacities , and Strategy for Disaster Readiness. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41(2), 127–150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-007-9156-6

Pacheco, E.-M., Parrott, E., Oktari, R. S., & Joffe, H. (2022). How schools can aid children ’ s resilience in disaster settings : The contribution of place attachment , sense of place and social representations theories. Environmental Psychology, 13, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1004022

Piseddu, T., Englund, M., & Barquet, K. (2024). An assessment of potential improvements in social capital, risk awareness, and preparedness from digital technologies. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 24(1), 145–161. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-145-2024

Pitcher, T., Lam, M., Ainsworth, C., Martindale, A., Nakamura, K., Perry, R., & Ward, T. (2013). Improvements to Rapfish: A rapid evaluation technique for fisheries integrating ecological and human dimensionsa. Journal of Fish Biology, 83(3), 865–889. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12122

Sajikumar, N., & Remya, R. S. (2015). Impact of land cover and land use change on runoff characteristics. Journal of Environmental Management, 161, 460–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.12.041

Savari, M., Jafari, A., & Sheheytavi, A. (2024). The impact of social capital to improve rural households’ resilience against flooding: Evidence from Iran. Frontiers in Water, 6, 1393226.

https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2024.1393226

Sihaini, E., & Hermon, D. (2025). Policy Directions Flood Disaster Mitigation In Kampar Regency, Riau Province. GeoEco, 11(1), 109-129. https://doi.org/10.20961/ge.v11i1.96090

Sittadewi, E. H., Tejakusuma, I. G., Handayani, T., & Santoso, A. D. (2025). Novel Rap-Landslide Method for Assessing Agroforestry Sustainability in Landslide-Prone Areas. Resources, 14(6), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources14060093

Talab, F. S., Ahadinezhad, B., Khosravizadeh, O., & Amerzadeh, M. (2024). A model of the organizational resilience of hospitals in emergencies and disasters. BMC Emergency Medicine, 6(105), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-024-01026-6

Tony J. Pitcher, & Preikshot, D. (2001). RAPFISH : a rapid appraisal technique to evaluate the sustainability status of sheries. Fisheries Research, 49(3), 255–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-7836(00)00205-8

Torani, S., Majd, P. M., Maroufi, S. S., Dowlati, M., & Sheikhi, R. A. (2019). The importance of education on disasters and emergencies: A review article. Journal of education and health promotion, 8, (85). https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_262_18

United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2025). Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2025: Resilience Pays: Financing and Investing for our Future. United Nations. https://doi.org/10.18356/9789211576740

Yaron, G., & Wilson, D. (2020). Estimating the economic returns to community-level interventions that build resilience to flooding. Journal of Flood Risk Management, 13(4), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12662

Yulianto, F., Khomarudin, M. R., Hermawan, E., Puji, N., Nugroho, G., Nugroho, U. C., Fitriana, H. L., & Priyanto, E. (2022). Spatial and temporal distribution of estimated surface runoff caused by land use / land cover changes in the upstream Citarum watershed , West Java , Indonesia. Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management, 9(2), 3293–3305. https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2022.092.3293

Zhang, F., Wang, D., Zhou, X., & Ye, F. (2024). Community Resilience Evaluation and Construction Strategies in the Perspective of Public Health Emergencies : A Case Study of Six Communities in Nanjing. Sustainability, 16(16), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16166992

Zhao, G., Hui, X., Zhao, F., Feng, L., Lu, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2025). How does social capital facilitate community disaster resilience ? A systematic review. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 12, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1496813

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37905/jgej.v6i2.33524