NAVIGASI PARADIGMA DIGITAL: ANALISIS KOGNITIF PENGGUNAAN CAD, DESAIN PARAMETRIK, DAN AI DALAM PENDIDIKAN ARSITEKTUR

Nurfahmi Muchlis, Irvansyah Irvansyah, Johanes Krisdianto, Rabbani Kharismawan

Abstract


The evolution of digital design tools from CAD and parametric design to Artificial Intelligence (AI) demands a fundamental shift in architectural pedagogy. However, the understanding of how these three function as an integrated ecosystem influencing students' cognitive processes remains limited. This study aims to bridge this gap through a mixed-methods study of 35 architecture students at the Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology (ITS). Using a three-stage design task instrument based on the work of Peter Eisenman, the research analyzes student performance quantitatively (scores) and qualitatively (design artifacts). The results show that students' highest capabilities lie in parametric design, with 89% achieving high scores, indicating a strong mastery of logical-procedural thinking. Conversely, AI poses the greatest cognitive challenge, with only 46% achieving high scores, not due to a lack of technical proficiency, but rather the difficulty in translating spatial concepts into linguistic articulation (prompts). This study concludes that each tool has unique and complementary pedagogical roles: CAD as the foundation of formal language, parametric design as a trainer for generative logic, and AI as a stimulator for conceptual articulation. The implication is that architectural curricula must evolve beyond mere software training to consciously cultivate these three modes of thinking in an integrated manner.

Keywords


architectural education; artificial intelligence; cognitive process; digital design; digital pedagogy

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdalla, S. B., Rashid, M., & Ara, D. R. (2021). Plausibility of CAAD in Conceptual Design: Challenges in Architectural Engineering for Early-Stage Digital Design Tools. Journal of Architectural Engineering, 27(2). https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ae.1943-5568.0000457

Ağırbaş, A. (2020). A Teaching Methodology for Parametric Design: A Case Study With Parametric Bench. 720–725. https://doi.org/10.5151/sigradi2020-99

Bunt, S., & Brown, N. C. (2023). Design Efficacy and Exploration Behavior of Student Architect-Engineer Design Teams in Shared Parametric Environments. Buildings, 13(5), 1296. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13051296

Cao, Y., Gao, X., Yin, H., Yu, K., & Zhou, D. (2024). Reimagining Tradition: A Comparative Study of Artificial Intelligence and

Virtual Reality in Sustainable Architecture Education. Sustainability, 16(24), 11135. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162411135

Eisenman Architects. (n.d.a). House I 1968. Eisenman Architects. https://eisenmanarchitects.com/House-I-1968

Eisenman Architects. (n.d.b). House VI 1975. Eisenman Architects. https://eisenmanarchitects.com/House-VI-1975

Gerber, D., & Flager, F. (2011). Teaching Design Optioneering: A Method for Multidisciplinary Design Optimization. 14, 883–890. https://doi.org/10.1061/41182(416)109

Hsiao, C.-P., & Johnson, B. R. (2011). TiMBA – Tangible User Interface for Model Building and Analysis. 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21605-3_5

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember. (2023, December 13). Peraturan akademik tahun 2023 (Peraturan Rektor No. 18 Tahun 2023). Direktorat Pendidikan Sarjana dan Pascasarjana, ITS. https://www.its.ac.id/pendidikan/2023/12/13/peraturan-akademik-tahun-2023/

Kristianto, H., Prasetyo, S., Susanti, R. F., & Adithia, M. T. (2021). Design of Student and Course Learning Outcomes Measurement. Jpi (Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia), 10(1), 97. https://doi.org/10.23887/jpi-undiksha.v10i1.29061

Mohammedi, K., & Arrouf, A. (2024). To Draw or Not to Draw? Evaluating the Impact of Computer-Aided Drawing Tools on Productivity in Architectural Design. South Florida Journal of Development, 5(8), e4279. https://doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv5n8-024

Muhsin, A., & Rahadian, E. Y. (2022). CAD, BIM, Parametric and Their Use as Auxiliary Tools in Design Studios. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220703.015

Pazini, E. Z., Mussi, A. Q., & Martins, A. R. de Q. (2020). Parametric Design: Measuring Learning States. Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 14(12). https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7359/2020.12.003

Pektaş, Ş. T., & Erkip, F. (2006). Attitudes of Design Students Toward Computer Usage in Design. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 16(1), 79–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-005-3175-0

Putro, H. T., & Pamungkas, L. S. (2019). Parametric Design in Phase of Schematic Design Case Study: Student Creativity on Form Studies. https://doi.org/10.2991/senvar-18.2019.14

Qian, T., & Li, H. (2024). Application of Computer Aided Design in Product Innovation and Development: Practical Examination on Taking the Industrial Design Process. Ieee Access, 12, 85622–85634. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3404963

Sunarya, W., Seputra, J. A. P., & Zakariya, A. F. (2023). Parametric Modeling Practice for the First-Year Architecture Students Learning. Arteks Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur, 8(2), 293–304. https://doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v8i2.2189

Vazquez, E. (2023). Teaching Parametric Design: Fostering Algorithmic Thinking Through Incomplete Recipes. Open House International, 49(4), 736–751. https://doi.org/10.1108/ohi-06-2023-0135

Weissenböck, R., & Werner, J. (2023). Analogue Computation: An Educational Framework for Introducing First-Year Architecture Students to Parametric Design Through Manual Making. 1, 11–20. https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.011

Zhang, B.-Y., Xu, X., & Liu, H. (2023). OBE-based Design Thinking Model for Computer-Aided Design Courses. 1576–1582. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-126-5_176




DOI: https://doi.org/10.37905/jjoa.v7i2.35054

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2026 Nurfahmi Muchlis, Irvansyah Irvansyah, Johanes Krisdianto, Rabbani Kharismawan

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 

ISSN CETAK: 2654-5896
Website: http://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/jja/

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.