KARAKTERISTIK KONDISI TERMAL PERMUKIMAN PESISIR DIKAWASAN PERAIRAN
Abstract
ABSTRACT.
Coastal settlements exhibit distinctive microclimatic characteristics resulting from complex interactions between water bodies and local atmospheric conditions. Variations in water types, including marine and inland waters, contribute to differences in air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation, all of which influence thermal comfort. This study aims to analyze the differences in microclimatic characteristics between coastal areas adjacent to marine waters and those near inland waters, as well as to identify the most influential parameters affecting thermal conditions. Data were collected through field measurements of four primary parameters—air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation—at four observation periods within a single day to capture diurnal variations. The data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative methods, followed by inferential statistical analysis employing an independent t-test to determine the significance of differences between the two locations. The results indicate that inland water areas tend to have higher air temperatures and greater thermal fluctuations, whereas marine coastal areas are characterized by higher humidity levels and stronger, more stable wind speeds. Although variations were observed across all parameters, only wind speed demonstrated a statistically significant difference. These findings suggest that sea–land breeze dynamics play a dominant role in shaping coastal microclimates. This study provides a scientific basis for developing adaptive, context-sensitive, and sustainable design and management strategies for coastal settlements in response to local microclimatic conditions.
ABSTRAK.
Permukiman pesisir memiliki karakter mikroklimat yang khas akibat interaksi kompleks antara badan air dan kondisi atmosfer setempat. Perbedaan jenis perairan, baik laut maupun darat, berkontribusi terhadap variasi suhu udara, kelembapan relatif, kecepatan angin, serta radiasi matahari yang pada akhirnya memengaruhi kenyamanan termal penghuni. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan karakteristik mikroklimat antara kawasan pesisir perairan laut dan perairan darat, serta mengidentifikasi parameter dominan yang memengaruhi kondisi termal. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengukuran empat parameter utama, yaitu suhu udara, kelembapan relatif, kecepatan angin, dan radiasi matahari, pada empat rentang waktu dalam satu hari untuk menangkap dinamika harian. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kuantitatif, dilanjutkan dengan uji statistik menggunakan uji-t untuk menguji signifikansi perbedaan antar lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kawasan perairan darat memiliki suhu udara yang lebih tinggi dengan fluktuasi termal yang lebih besar, sedangkan kawasan pesisir laut ditandai oleh tingkat kelembapan yang lebih tinggi serta kecepatan angin yang lebih kuat dan stabil. Meskipun terdapat perbedaan pada seluruh parameter, hanya kecepatan angin yang menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan secara statistik. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa dinamika angin laut–daratan merupakan faktor dominan dalam pembentukan mikroklimat pesisir. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi penting sebagai dasar ilmiah dalam perumusan strategi perancangan dan pengelolaan permukiman pesisir yang adaptif, kontekstual, dan berkelanjutan terhadap kondisi mikroklimat lokal.
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